194 
CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE SERIES. 
with many gastropods, is seen in the lane which runs northwards 
from Ham Farm across West Hill, Wraxall, and also opposite 
the turning to Nash House from the Tickenham road. Several 
exposures occur at Stone Edge Batch, one in the road S. of the 
Baptist Chapel and a second a short distance down the turning 
which leaves the high road \ mile W. of Tickenham House. 
Westward from Stone Edge Batch for rather more than a mile 
the outcrop is covered by Trias, but at Middletown the horizon 
is well exposed in a quarry which was described by Vaughan, 1 
who gives a list of fossils. The rock retains the oolitic character. 
(5) The Seminula (S) Beds. 
The outcrop of the S-beds extends from the river Avon 
through Leigh Woods to the Abbot's Leigh road, beyond which 
the rocks are soon cut across by the Observatory Hill fault.. 
Good exposures of S 1 were made in 1916 in military trench dig- 
ging in the field S.W. of Beggar's Bush corner, the highest 
beds being nearly unfossiliferous china-stones, very much 
crushed and clearly indicating the proximity of the fault, 
while below are compact limestones with abundant Seminula and 
Lithostrotion martini. 
The S-beds as repeated by the fault are exposed in the cliff 
forming the southern boundary of Nightingale Valley, and at 
various points near the top of the slope on the northern side. 
They are seen also in several old quarries in Leigh Woods, e.g., 
one opposite Burwalls, where they include shales, china-stone, and 
Seminula-bands, a second opposite Rownham House, where the 
Seminula-oolite is seen, and a third near the top of the path 
through Nightingale Valley. 
S-beds extend all through Ashton Park, forming a broad 
plateau which slopes slightly towards Beggar's Bush Lane. 
Exposure are not numerous, but there are several old quarries 
in limestone of the usual Seminula-bed type with china-stone and 
abundant Lithostrotion martini and Seminula-bands. Two large 
quarries in S-beds are situated near the south western corner of 
Ashton Park, — in the angle between the Long Ashton and 
Providence roads there is a large quarry in the upper S-beds, 
while just to the N. of the Longwood House road there is another 
in S 1, in which the Seminula-oolite is seen underlain by massive 
limestone with Lithostrotion martini. In the former of these 
quarries the rocks are folded into a sharp anticline, the arch of 
which is traversed by a line of crush, which when prolonged 
southwards, leads to a remarkable line of swallets (miscalled old 
quarries in the 6 in. map) in the Long Ashton Golf Club grounds. 
The anticlinal fold is also apparent here, the rocks at the swallets 
clipping at 25 0 S.E., while a short distance to the W. the 
1 Bristol Paper, p. 231. 
