MALARIA EXPEDITION TO NIGERIA 15 
to the dorsal and ventral median lines, a simple or indented papilla ; behind the ring 
are four submedian papilliform chitinous spicules. 
The male is 6-8 cm. long, has a spiral tail, with tour pre- and four post-anal 
papillae, and two unequal spicules. 
The female is 9-12 cm. long, has a slightly spiral tale terminating in a 
rounded button, in front of which are two lateral conical protuberances. The worm 
is viviparous ; embryos measure 2 8o/x by 7 n wide. 
The embryos have been observed in the blood of animals found afterwards to 
contain' the adult forms. They are one-seventh mm. in length, and one to three 
occurred in each drop of blood. They resemble the embryos of Filaria sanquinis 
hominis, but are much smaller. 
Life history is unknown, but it is surmised that development takes place in the 
body of an insect host. The adults have been found in the peritoneal cavity, tunica 
vaginalis, fallopian tube, pleural cavity, between the dura and pia-mater, in the 
aqueous humour, in the intestine, and in the liver of horses, donkeys, and mules. 
Filaria labiato-papillosa. Alessandrini 
Syn. F. cervina, Dujardin ; F. terebra, Diesing. This species resembles the 
preceding in its appearance and dimensions. Mouth is oblong dorsoventrally, 
surrounded with a chitinous ring, the edge of which supports four curved projections. 
On the median, dorsal, and central line, the chitinous ring forms a papilliform spine, 
markedly double in the female. Behind the mouth are four small sub-median de- 
gressions, from each of which a tactile papilla arises. The male is 6-8 cm. long; tail 
is closely spiral ; has three pre -anal, one ad-anal, and five post-anal papillae on each 
side, and behind these a conical projection. The female is 6-12 cm. long ; has a spiral 
tail, terminating in a number of small blunt points which arise from two lateral conical 
protuberances. The worm is viviparous ; embryos 140 to 230 p. long. 
Life history is unknown. The adults have been found in the peritoneal cavity 
of cattle and deer. 
Filaria hacmorrhagica. Railliet 
Syn. F. multipapillosa, Condamine and Drouilly ; F. multipapilla, Molin. 
White cylindrical body, slightly tapering at the extremities, more so behind than in 
front. Anterior extremity has a retractile cone. The integument is transversely 
striated. The striations near the anterior extremity become broken, and form 
elliptical or circular depressions, and a large number of papilliform projections. The 
mouth is simple, circular. 
The male is about 28 mm. long, 0*26 broad ; posterior extremity is rounded, 
there are two unequal spicules, one 680-750 ^ long, the other 130-140 M . 
The female has a length of 42-70 mm., and breadth 0'42-o - 44 mm. ; caudal 
end rounded : the vulva is near the mouth. The ripe eggs are from 52-58 /u long, 
24 to 33 ^ wide, and contain an embryo. 
