MALARIA EXPEDITION TO NIGERIA 13 
by 0-475 mm. broad. It is or whitish or brownish colour, somewhat flattened, 
threadlike, and tapers slightly towards both extremities, but more especially 
posteriorly. The extremity of the tail is incurved. Cuticle is transversely and 
longitudinally striated, except at the cephalic end ; musculature polymyarian. 
The mouth is very small, unarmed, and terminal ; oesophagus is short (620 m), 
widens somewhat at hinder end. The anal aperture is 300 m from the tip 
of the tail, the vulva 50 to 104 m from the mouth. The eggs hatch out in the 
uterus; the free embryos measure 350 m by 5-5 m, and taper slightly in front, sharply 
pointed posteriorly. A peculiar formation, probably of glandular nature, occurs at the 
point of the tail where the cuticle is thin : on each side of the thin portion is a break, 
with a corresponding canal which resembles the duct of a gland. In some examples 
there is a third one between the other two, but its outer opening was not made out. 
Life history unknown. The adults have been found in man, the horse, and 
donkey. In man they have been found three times in the eye : once encysted in the 
gastro-splenic omentum, and once encysted in the ocular conjunctiva. Filaria lentis 
(Diesing) may be a young form of this worm. 
Filaria volvulus. Leuchart 
The description of the male and female of this worm is given by Prout. 1 The 
female is 40*4 cm. long and the body 0-34 mm. wide, which gradually tapers to the 
head end which is 0*04 mm. across, and to the tail, where the diameter is 0-0084 
mm. The cuticle is striated, the tail end slightly curved. Anal orifice was not made 
out. Alimentary canal simple. The double uterus was observed to commence at a 
distance of 4*35 cm. from the tail end in a sacculated extremity. The ova, con- 
taining coiled up embryos, measure 0*032 by 0-034 mm. Embryos are C18 to o*2 
mm. long and o - ooi broad. 
The male is smaller and thinner than the female, being on an average 3.14 
cm. long, and 0*44 mm. broad. The worm is white and flattened somewhat, has a 
striated cuticle, and is uniformly tapered towards each end. The diameter of the 
head is 0*044 mm., and of the tail posterior to the anal orifice 0-028 mm. The 
head is rounded ; tail markedly incurved. The alimentary canal is simple. The anal 
orifice is at a distance of 0-049 mm. from the caudal extremity. The extreme end 
of the tail on the concave side is flattened, and here four papillae were made out. 
The anal orifice itself seems to have two lateral, one post- and one pre-anal papillae 
on each side. Two unequal spicules — one protruding was slightly clubbed at the 
extremity, and trumpet shaped at its inner end ; the other commencing just within 
the orifice was much longer than the first, and of much the same shape, but narrower 
at the point. A narrow, central canal was observed in the former which has a minute 
opening at its free end. 
Prout, British Medical Journal, January 26, 1901, p. 209. 
