386 THOMPSON YATES LABORATORIES REPORT 
by the serum of an animal immunized against typhoid, and that, too, in great 
dilution. This double requirement has been insisted on by several writers, and in 
particular by Stern, 39 Biberstein, 2 Jatta, 19 and Weichardt. 4 ' 
It would not be reasonable to criticize the use of the expression typhoid-like, as 
applied to bacilli described before 1896, but the organisms described since then may 
be considered in three groups, as follows : — 
1. Bacilli which satisfy only LosenerV 4 cultural criterion ; including 
{a) KisterV 1 bacillus, isolated from water. 
(F) AppelV Bacillus Kaiser found in a case of bacteriuria.* 
1. Bacilli which satisfy only the agglutinative criterion ; including 
[a) Sternberg's 40 bacilli, isolated from water. 
{}>) Several members of the B. enteritidis group, as described by 
Durham. 8 
3. Bacilli which do not agree with B. typhosus in either cultural or agglu- 
tinative characteristics ; including 
(a) Schottmuller's' 5 ' 36 bacilli, isolated from blood of patients. 
(F) KurthV 3 bacilli, isolated from blood of patients. 
Judged by our present knowledge of B. typhosus, the bacilli of the third group 
can hardly be said to deserve the appellation typhoid-like. This term might well be 
reserved for organisms which, like those in the first and second groups above, agree 
with B. typhosus in satisfying either the cultural or the agglutinative standard. 
II. Infections Clinically Typhoid-like, Caused by Organisms other 
than B. Typhosus 
A record of fourteen such cases has been found in the literature ; for convenience 
in comparison, the clinical features of these cases have been brought together in the 
following table 
Houston's (17) four bacilli, isolated from the mud of the River Thames cannot be included here, because 
(17) No mention is made of their action in lactose media. 
(/>) They do not alter milk. 
