462 
THOMPSON YATES LABORATORIES REPORT 
Diseases Produced by Trypanosomes in Animals 
Up to 1 90 1 four diseases occurring in various parts of the world were known 
to be produced in lower animals by the presence of trypanosomes. 
'Surra' occurs in horses and mules in many parts of India and British Burmah, 
caused by T. evansi (Steel). 
' Nagana,' in Central Africa and probably other parts, attacking horses, and, to 
a less extent cattle, due to the T. brucei (Plimmer and Bradford). 
' Mai de Caderas ' in Central South America and Brazil ; the disease is similar 
to Surra and Nagana, and is produced by a trypanosome probably identical with that 
of T. brucei. 
' Dourine ' or ' Maladie du Coit ' occurs in Algeria, South France, Spain, and 
Turkey ; the pathological agent of which is the T. equiperdum (Doflein), Trypano- 
soma rougeti (Laveran). 
In February of this year Lieut. -Col. Bruce 1 has reported a discovery by Dr. 
Theiler of a new trypanosome which is pathogenic to cattle. Horses, dogs, goats, 
rabbits, and guinea pigs appear immune. The trypanosome is twice the size of any 
of the ordinary trypanosomes, and Dr. Bruce proposes to name it Trypanosoma theileri. 
The clinical symptoms associated with these diseases, although very similar, have 
some minor differences, and this is more especially the case with regard to Dourine, 
which is not such a fatal malady as Surra or Nagana. 
Dr. G. Evans, in his report on Surra, 2 1880, describes this disease occurring in 
the horse as characterized by fever with jaundice, petechiae of mucous membranes, 
especially of eye and vagina, dropsy, sometimes albumen in the urine, great prostration, 
rapid wasting, with a specific parasite in the blood during life, but no characteristic 
structural organic lesions found after death. 
The average duration of the disease is probably less than two months. 
The first symptom noticed is that the animal is out of sorts ; there is more or 
less thirst, appetite capricious, coat staring, occasionally stumbling before or dragging 
the hind legs on the ground ; then fever, more or less high, with slight catarrhal 
symptoms ; the eyes weeping, often a mucous discharge from the nose ; the sub- 
maxillary gland may be tender and enlarged, general swelling of the legs ; dropsy 
invades the sheath of horses and between the forelegs of mares ; conjunctivae yellow, 
with claret coloured spots on the membrana nictitans at the inner corner of the eye ; 
in mares, labia yellow with petechiae oh the mucous membrane. With rest the fever 
subsides and appetite returns, especially for grass ; thirst continues, the animal wastes 
away ; death may be sudden, or end in delirium, or the animal may linger for days 
after it is down, taking its food well. 
1. The Lancet, March 8, 1902, p. 664. 
2. Report on Surra published by the Punjaub Government Military Depart., 1880, by G. Evans, M.D. 
