£6 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Jan. ii, 1902. 
the stalk of the weed should be pounded or mashed and 
steeped in cold water, and the patient should drink the 
tea thus produced. The weed should be bound tightly 
to the wound. A profuse perspiration should follow this 
treatment, and very shortly the swelling in the part 
affected should gradually subside, and ultimately the 
patient should entirely recover. I do not write the fore- 
going from heresay, but my father years ago employed a 
farmhand at Lake George, who was bitten three different 
times, and once so long was the treatment deferred that 
the skin had parted over the wound from extreme swell- 
ing ; but each of the three times the man was thoroughly 
cured. 
It has always seemed strange to me that this weed has 
not come before the notice of the profession, but appar- 
ently it has not. It is certainly far ahead of whisky and 
well worth investigating. I trust this may prove of some 
use to some of your readers, who may be in a position 
to look the matter up and eventually see just how much 
virtue the weed may contain. 
J. Thomson Gale. 
Animals and Men. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
A discussion, maintained under the above title, between 
your able contributors, Mr. Christy and Coahoma, has 
been of interest to me, for I have given the subject some 
thought, as will appear by a reference to recent articles in 
your columns. With Coahoma's intelligent handling of 
Mr. Christy's extended argument, I find myself in entire 
accord. I recognized but little of the so-called "talk- 
ability" in animals, and what exists partakes largely of 
the character of gesture, or forms of bodily movement. I, 
however, feel impelled to go beyond Coahoma, and per- 
haps along a divergent path, for he gives no consideration 
to a species of intercommunication that I think is com- 
mon to both animals and men. That animals project, to 
some extent, by a mysterious faculty, their states of con- 
sciousness upon one another, I have much reason 
to believe; and, also, that the same faculty exists 
exceptionally in human beings under the name of thought 
transference. Granting its existence, we should infer 
its more active development in creatures having no other 
means of interlocution, for the acquirement of the power 
of speech would tend to the supercession of the obscurer 
faculty. Usually thought transference in our species is 
associated with an unwonted stimulation of the in- 
dividual consciousness, and so does it also seem to be 
with animals. For instance, it is an established fact that 
when one of a large and "widely scattered school of whales 
is struck, every leviathan within sight from the vessel's 
masthead appears to become at once sensible of the mis- 
fortune of its companion. The stampeding of a heard_ of 
wild cattle or horses, the apparent instantaneous diffusion 
throughout the entire mass of a sense of danger pos- 
sessed by a single individual, is not unlikely, often- 
times, due to the operation of the same faculty. So, too, 
when a dog is thrashed by a larger canine, and goes to a 
friendly quadruped of the victor's size, and the two there- 1 
upon set off and amply avenge the chastisement, there iff 
no theory other than clairvoyance that will satisfactorily 
account for the evident impartment to the larger dog of 
the wrongs of the smaller. All illustrations of the as- 
sumed existence of the faculty naturally admit of another 
explanation; thus the stricken whale may emit a sound 
that is inaudible to his human enemy, but which may be 
readily transmitted through the water to his distant com- 
panions. It is known, however, that the whale's sense of 
hearing is far from being acute, and, therefore, the theory 
of submarine communication by sound is unsatisfactory. 
Similarly the apparent simultaneous movement of a school 
of fish, all rising together to feed, or changing their 
course in exact harmony when in rapid motion, may be by 
virtue of a similar power of mutual introspection. 
It is often remarked of an intelligent dog that it has a 
species of divination, of intuitive apprehension of its 
master's wish or command before it is fully spoken; 
this and other like instances of acute anticipatory per- 
ception may not depend upon the understanding of the in- 
complete sentence, or of the lip movement or gesture, but 
of a reading of the thought that is seeking expression. 
This assumption should not seem improbable, a thought 
is as much the result of mechanical force as is sound, and 
the latter has been audibly whispered across the Atlantic 
without wires. 
Although the theory of a direct transfer of ideas or 
states of consciousness from one brain to another lacks 
scientific demonstration, I am led to entertain it because 
it affords an explanation of animal phenomena otherwise 
inscrutable. The extended and devious migrations of 
fish fry must seemingly be influenced by a perception of 
remote objects that is akin to that involved m thought 
transference. Of these migratory phenomena I have given 
some account, and if they can be intelligently accounted 
for upon some other theory I should be glad to accept it. 
A. H. Gouraud. 
A Janttaty Kingfisher on Long Island* 
New York Jan. 6.— Editor Forest and Stream: While 
skating at Oakland Lake, Bayside, Long Island, yester- 
day I was considerably astonished at hearing the un- 
mistakable "rattle" of a kingfisher, and a moment later 
saw the bird fly out of one of the large trees on the 
border of the pond. . , . ,, c , 
It seemed hard to realize that a kingfisher could find 
sufficient food at this time of the year, when' the ponds 
are so generally ice-locked, but he looked to be m good 
condition and apparently as much at home as though it 
were summer and not Jan. 5, 1902. 
Robt. B. Lawrence. 
Musk Ox in Chicago* 
The musk ox captured as a calf last March east of the 
Mackenzie River by Capt. Bodfish, of the whaler Beluga, 
has been received by Mr. C. E. Periolat, of Chicago. On 
the way to Chicago the musk ox was taken to Topeka 
Kan where Buffalo Jones pronounced its identity; and 
it was given the name of Olive Jones, in honor of his 
daughter. Speaking of the designation of musk ox, Mr. 
Jones said: "I desire to file my protest against such a 
pame of this grand animal, and I defy the keenest nostrils 
of human beings to detect the least suspicion of musk 
about the animal. I have killed them of all ages and 
sex, and have subsisted entirely for weeks at a time on 
the flesh of the musk ox, but have never discovered musk 
or any unpleasant odor about them. Whenever I hear 
the name 'musk ox' it reminds me of the George R. Peck's 
version of the naming of Garden City, Kan. He said 
it was named 'Garden' because there was no garden, and 
'City' because there was no city. So it is with this mis- 
nomer. It was called 'musk' because of no musk, and 
'ox' because there were never any such oxen." 
\mp §ng <md §nn. 
Proprietors of shooting resorts will find it profitable to advertise 
them m Forest and Stream. 
Protect Alaskan Game. 
Editor Forest md Stream: 
This is a subject that appeals to every "true blue 
sportsman," every lover of animal life and all those who 
throughout our entire country see beauty in nature, em- 
bracing forests, plains and mountains. For while the 
woods, plains and mountains are naturally beautiful, we 
all agree that they are much more grand and life-like 
when the wild animals and birds are present. There are 
now several organizations doing good work toward the 
preservation of wild animal and bird life; there is much 
yet for us to do; to resolve is to act, so let us be up and 
at it. 
For twenty-seven years of my life I have taken my fall 
outing, embracing the greater part of North America. 
I have made trips in recent years to various parts of our 
mountains, where I hunted eighteen to twenty years ago, 
and it is appalling to note how rapidly the wild animals 
are disappearing. While I am but forty-three years of 
age I have seen in this short period the extermination 
of our buffalo. At the time of my first trip west, there 
were millions. The antelope at that time were thous- 
ands; they are now reduced to dozens, here and there. 
There were also elk yet upon the plains, now there are 
none. There were bison in our mountains within twenty- 
five miles of the place in which I am writing. I doubt 
if there are twenty wild bison now in the United States. 
I have seen thousands of deer in Montana, Wyoming, 
Idaho, Utah, Mexi co and Colorado, where these numbers 
are now, comparatively, reduced to one, three, five and 
twenties. The "biphorn" mountain sheep that were 
then in hundreds are now reduced in like ratio with the 
rest. 
When I was hunting in New Brunswick in 1896, I was 
told by good authority that these conditions were not 
quite so bad there, and that the enforcement of their laws 
was the safeguard there as well as in Maine. 
My observations during my four seasons' hunting in 
Alaska, in the light of past experience, foreshadows that 
without stringent laws and their rigid enforcement the 
big game of Alaska is doomed to as rapid an extermina- 
tion as took place upon the plains and mountains of 
Colorado. I will narrate one instance from my diary: 
When in the Kenai Mountains, Alaska, on the 23d day 
of August, 1897, Mr. Berg and myself, while sitting to- 
gether on a mountain side, with the aid of a field glass 
counted 500 wild white sheep {Ovis dalli), ail within a 
radius of six to eight miles, ten here, six there, then 
twenty to thirty in another locality. Can a true hunter 
or a lover of nature imagine a more beautiful sight? 
Look! here and there were grand old towering moun- 
tains, all snow-capped, some furrowed with gaping 
canyons, some separated by a mighty glacier, others with 
a gradual slope, carpeted with nutritious grass, upon 
which these beautiful denizens of the snowy mountains 
of the north loitered about in groups, either feeding or 
resting. I was in these same mountains again in 1898, and 
my wife accompanied me there again in 1899. I wanted 
her to see what had at that time never before been 
woman's pleasure to see. I was in these same mountains 
again this season, 1901, and there is no question about the 
Ovis dalli decreasing in numbers; it is perceptible. If 
mineral should be discovered in these mountains, and 
with no laws to protect this animal, they would be ex- 
terminated in a very short time. In 1899, when passing 
through a section where a so-called sportsman had been 
hunting, I found four carcasses lying on one small hill ; 
nothing having been touched, the heads of horns being 
too small and the work of skinning and preserving too 
great. 
In 1899 myself, wife and party killed but four sheep, 
two killed by her. We could have killed a hundred. This 
season (1901) we killed but one, as we needed it 'for 
meat, also one bull caribou. 
The natives are very destructive of sheep. I have seen 
them in parties of their own shoot a sheep and if it ran 
off wounded or fell over a low cliff, they never went after 
it — "too much work — shoot more." When in my party 
I never allow a native to carry a gun. The conditions I 
have mentioned regarding sheep extermination will like- 
wise apply to moose and caribou. 
Now, then, dear reader, if all I have said about this 
transformation of game from plenty to almost extinction 
is so perceptible in one man's short life, we all can see its 
finish' in a very few years, unless we act quick, while there 
is yet time. 
Alaska is a new country, and a good portion of it is 
uninhabitable for man, and in this respect it is thus more 
suitable for game and there is less excuse for its being 
slaughtered on account of the country not being desirable 
for the use of home-seekers. I am sorry to say it, 
although it is true, that where the climatic conditions are 
favorable for the advancement of civilization and the tiller 
of the soil, just so sure is the doom of the game in that 
land; remote and inaccessible localities and game pre- 
serves that extend to winter feeding grounds excepted. 
It is not necessary that big game be slaughtered to 
furnish the "meat-stuff" in Alaska, for where a man can 
go, a pack train can go along; then it is made possible 
for the wagons, then railroads. Neither is it necessary 
that game be slaughtered for the native food supply, yet 
let them kill what they will actually use, and if our Gov- 
ernment would thoroughly ins'ruct the missionaries and 
priests of Alaska to intercede with the natives on behalf 
of the game, much good could be done. Teach them the 
wrong in killing the female and the young of any and aj 
animals. I have talked this with natives in my cam| 
and noticed that it was hard for them to conceive it; y<i 
constant teaching will have its effect. I believe th^j 
some such laws as I hereafter mention would be effectiv 
in Alaska, if enforced. 
My twenty-seven years of experience in hunting havs 
convinced me that the "market meat hunter" is the moi 
destructive to big game. Where mining localities are rt 
mote from railroads or steamship transportation, "nie<i 
stuff" is correspondingly expensive, hence if gam! 
abounds the meat hunter finds a profitable business, an 
is always on hand ; Make a law and enforce it whereh 
it is a penal offense, coupled with a fine of one hundre 
dollars, for each offense where a party or parties offe, 
for sale or barter the flesh of any game animal or bird 
any spot or place in Alaskan territory. The same law tl 
apply to any and every company or individual attempting 
to ship or transport game flesh of any kind out of th 
territory. Make a non-resident license law requirim 
every sportsman going to hunt and hunting in Alask 
to pay fifty dollars for that privilege, and that this sut 
allows him to take out of the territory only one specime! 
of each species killed by him, the same law fr* provide 
license fee of $100 which would give the sportsman 6 
hunter taking out the license the right to kill and trant 
port two specimens of each species of animal "killed b 
him, and that he is not allowed to take out more than ths 
quota. The money thus paid to the district game com 
missioners, who may be the nearest postmaster, whet' 
the hunting is done; and this money to be used first fcj 
the prosecution of a person or persons violating this lay 
and any surplus that might accumulate in one year ove 
$300 to go to the native school fund of the district. 
Make a law that gives an open season only on gani 
from August 15 to November 1, with a fine of one hue 
dred dollars for its violation. This law should apply t! 
natives also, as well as non-residents, except where th 
animal is shot absolutely for immediate food necessity. 
Make a law that prohibits sportsmen or other person! 
from employing natives or other men to kill big garni 
animals or birds, for in so doing most of the meat } 
wasted and the heads shipped out and sold. 
Make a law prohibiting the killing of the big brow 
bear (Ursus middendorM) on Kadiak Island for a peric 
of five years. This will in no way be an injustice to th 
natives, as this island now contains so few of the beai, 
that hunting them is n® longer profitable, and neither d 
the natives depend on this for support. 
Negotiations should be commenced with Great Britai 
to implore them to pass some such laws to coincide wit 
ours that would govern that part of the Yuk^ territoi 
in British Columbia that joins Alaska. 
I know full well what objections will be made to sue 
laws by fur traders, hide and head hunters, but is it rigl 
that the grand old bull moose or bull caribou or the gre; 
old ram "Ovis Dalli" be shot down by a native paid f( 
so doing by a so-called sportsman, and only the hea 
taken from the carcass and that shipped out and solo 
I say, is it right that this should be permitted for tl 
gain of a few individuals at the expense of a 1 l the bi 
game of that country, as well as of the lovers of natui 
and the true blue sportsmen not yet born, to all of who: 
we are responsible? 
Let us all act new and use our influence to have son 
measures appertaining thereto properly brought befoi 
the coming session of Congress, with an earnest appe 
for their enactment. 
I have talked several times with the Governor 
Alaska, Hon. J. G. Brady, regarding this subject, and 1 
urged me to formulate some practical measures and 1 
would give it his support. Dall De Weese. 
Canyon City, Colo. 
Outing of the Ozark Club. 
Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 1. — Editor Forest and Streani 
Frost, the advance guard of Father Winter, ha 
arrived, mantling the earth with its blanket of gray, sen- 
ing the squirrel racing to its den with choice nuts U 
winter store; sending the sap down to the roots of tl 
trees, and turning the dark forest into a kaleidoscope 1 
yellow, bronze and gold. The hunting instinct had bee 
gradually but surely rising, until Nov. 11 I threw dow 
books, pens, papers, all the infernal tools of toil, ar 
swore I would be free once more. 
The members of the Ozark Lake Hunting and Fisl 
ing Club had gathered from afar at Memphis, Tenn., 1 
go on the annual deer hunt. The preserve of this ck 
is famous for its successful outings, and hence the loc 
sportsmen are always interested in the outcome of tl 
annual deer hunt. The names of members who booke 
for this year's hunt were as follows: 
From Nashville — Governor Benton McMillin, D 
Duncan Eve, Dr. J. Y. Crawford and Dr. W. W. Core. 
From Memphis— A. B. Wingfield, A. H. Murray, Pag 
M Patterson, Albert Swind, and Philip Fransioli. 
From Union City, Tenn— John H. McDowell, Fultc 
Haward, J. S. Glover, D. A. Edwards and Han 
Edwards. 
From Rives, Tenn. — Bob Wade, Frank Caldwell, Jo 
Shores, Oscar Clemmons, R. J. Barnett and John More 
From Newberne, Tenn.— W. J. Flatt and Ed. Brady. 
From Rosedale, Miss.— O. Y. McGuire. Last, but 1 
no means least, Judge M. D. Smallman, of McMinnvill 
Tenn., the Socrates and Diogenes of the party. Tl 
day before the party met in Memphis, Judge Smallme 
telegraphed Gov. Benton McMillin "that he was sic 
and asked that someone be appointed to sit on tl 
McMinnville bench," as circuit court was in sessio; 
The good natured Governor appointed an unsuspectir 
"Solomon" to go and relieve Judge Smallman, and oil 
Judge, with his hand on his stomach and many groai 
and protestations of pain, excused himself to his coi 
stituents and to the poor cusses he was trying, ar; 
jumped on the first train headed toward Memphis. Th 
Governor met the Judge in the corridor of the hotel arl 
remarked "that he was the pertest looking sick man II 
ever saw." The Judge smiled one of his winnir, 
smiles and winked and said nothing. 
Supplies all bought, the party and saddle horses wea 
on board the steamer Kate Adams at 5 P. M., bourj 
down the river to the preserve. 
About half way, at Sunflower Landing, we picked t 
F. G. Bobo, R. E. Bobo, Jr., Frank Harris and M 
