40 PLANT STUDIES 
air chambers extends throughout the spongy mesophyll. 
It is into this system of air chambers that the stomata 
open, and so they are put into direct communication with 
the mesophyll or working cells. The peculiar arrangement 
of the upper mesophyll, to form the palisade tissue, has to 
do with the fact that that surface of the leaf is exposed to 
the direct rays of light. This light, so necessary to the 
mesophyll, is also dangerous for at least two reasons. If 
le 
FIG. 30. A section through the leaf of lily, showing upper epidermis (ue), lower epi- 
dermis (le) with its stomata (st), mesophyll (dotted cells) composed of the palisade 
region (p) and the spongy region (sp) with airspaces among the cells, and two 
veins (#) cut across. 
the light is too intense it may destroy the chlorophyll, and 
the heat may dry out the cells. By presenting only nar- 
row ends to this direct light the cells are less exposed to 
intense light and heat. Study Fig. 30. 
33. Veins. In the cross-section of the leaf there will 
also be seen here and there, embedded in the mesophyll, 
the cut ends of the veinlets, made up partly of thick- 
walled cells, which hold the leaf in shape and conduct 
material to and from the mesophyll (see Fig. 30). 
