PREFACE v ii 
chapters were under the general direction of Dr. Henry C. 
Cowles, while those of the remaining chapters were pro- 
vided by Dr. Otis W. Caldwell. In this work Dr. Caldwell 
had the very efficient assistance of S. M. Coulter, B. A. Gold- 
berger, J. G. Land, and A. C. Moore, whose names appear 
in connection with the drawings they furnished. Grateful 
acknowledgment should also be made to Dr. W. J. Beal, 
whose little book entitled Seed Dispersal furnished several 
illustrations ; and to Professor George F. Atkinson, whose 
excellently illustrated Elementary Botany performed a like 
service. Both of these authors are credited in connection 
with the illustrations used from their works. The fine 
illustrations from Kerner and from Schimper, and from 
other authors, will also be recognized ; but their names will 
all be found in the legends. 
JOHN M. COULTER. 
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, June, 1900. 
