PREFACE 
THIS book has been prepared in response to the earnest 
solicitation of those schools in which there is not a suffi- 
cient allotment of time to permit the development of plant 
ecology and morphology, as outlined in Plant Relations and 
Plant Structures; and yet which are desirous of imparting 
instruction from both points of view. To meet this need 
a temporary one, it is to be hoped, for the study of botany 
snould not be limited to one half year portions of the two 
books referred to have been selected and combined, and 
together with some new matter have been organized into 
this book, under the title Plant Studies. 
The book falls naturally into two divisions, the first 
fourteen chapters being dominated by Ecology, and repre- 
senting the view point of Plant Relations. The remaining 
eleven chapters are dominated by Morphology, and present 
in much simpler form, especially in the higher groups, the 
ideas of Plant Structures. While the author believes that 
these two regions of the book are put in proper sequence 
for elementary instruction, he is very far from seeking to 
impose such an opinion upon teachers, who must use a 
sequence adapted to their own convictions and material. 
Hence many may prefer to begin with Chapter XV, and re- 
turn to the preceding chapters later ; or, what is perhaps 
