THE GREAT GROUPS OF ALG^ 235 
it will bulge outward. In all active living cells there is 
this pressure upon the wall from within. 
Each cell of the Oscillaria filament has the power of 
dividing, thus forming new cells and elongating the fila- 
ment. A filament may break up into fragments of varying 
lengths, and each fragment by cell division organizes a new 
filament. Here again reproduction is by means of vegeta- 
tive multiplication. 
162. Conclusions. Taking Glwocapsa, Nostoc, and Oscil- 
laria as representatives of the group Oyanophyceae, or 
" green slimes," we may come to some conclusions concern- 
ing the group in general. The plant body is very simple, 
consisting of single cells, or chains and filaments of cells. 
Although in Nostoc and Oscillaria the cells are organized 
into chains and filaments, each cell seems to be able to live 
and act independently, and the chain and filament seem to 
be little more than colonies of individual cells. In this 
sense, all of these plants may be regarded as one-celled. 
Differentiation is exhibited in the appearance of hetero- 
cysts in Nostoc, peculiar cells which seem to be connected 
in some way with the breaking up of filamentous colonies, 
although the Oscillaria filament breaks up without them. 
The power of motion is also well exhibited by the group, 
the free filaments of Oscillaria moving almost continually, 
and the imbedded chains of Nostoc at times moving to es- 
cape from the restraining mucilage. 
The whole group also shows a strong tendency in the 
cell-wall material to become converted into mucilage and 
much swollen, a tendency which reaches an extreme expres- 
sion in such forms as Nostoc and Glwocapsa. 
Another distinguishing mark is that reproduction is 
exclusively by means of vegetative multiplication, through 
ordinary cell division or fission, which takes place very 
freely. Individual cells are organized with heavy resistant 
walls to enable them to endure the winter or other unfavor- 
able conditions, and to start a new series of individuals 
