THE VEGETATIVE FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS 
FIG. 48. 
FIG. 49. 
FIG. 48. White lupine (Lupinus albus). Made 
semi-transparent by being placed for several hours 
in a weak aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. 
After this treatment the fibro-vascular system may 
be clearly seen (through the surrounding tissues) 
by transmitted light, cot, cotyledons; h, hypocotyl; 
r, main root; br, br l , branch roots of different ages. 
Note the endogenous origin of the branch roots. 
FIG. 49. The system of leaf-veins in a leaf of the 
common rubber-plant (Ficus dastica) . The veins are 
connected with the root by means of the vascular 
bundles extending through the stem and roots. 
