434 
STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES 
adder's-tongue, or dog's-tooth violet, illustrates the 
essential points for Angiosperms. 
387. Dog's-Tooth Violet. 1 The dog's-tooth violet (Ery- 
thronium americanum) belongs to the order which includes 
FIG. 322. Dog's-tooth violet (Erythronium americanum). Stages of 
deveopment from the seed. 1-5 show the stage of development in each 
of five successive years. Full explanation in the text. 6, Bulb showing 
a surface bud (the sprout has been destroyed). (After F. H. Blodgett.) 
the lilies (Liliales), and its structure is quite typical of 
that order (Fig. 322). Its stem is a small, underground, 
scaly bulb, giving rise to numerous roots. From the upper 
1 The dog's-tooth violet is really not a violet at all, the common name, 
as frequently, having no regard to botanical relationships. John Bur- 
roughs has suggested that "fawn-lily" would be a much more appropriate 
name. But common names of plants and animals are, fortunately, not 
easily changed. 
