556 Classification of Animals. 
paedia. As might be expected, the station of man in the creation, 
naturally engages the early attention of the author, and we are well 
pleased to find, as it is so completely in accordance with our own feel- 
ings, and the opinion we have long entertained, that he considers 
him as altogether out of the category. This he does, not only from 
arguments drawn from the nature of man considered as an intellec- 
tual and also a spiritual and immortal being, which shew that his na- 
tural affinities place him in a circle of higher intelligences, but from 
those deduced from analytical investigation and inductive reasoning, 
evidently proving the impossibility of placing him within the animal 
circle, even when viewed simply as a zoological form ; the typical 
circles of the only groups into which he could possibly enter, sup- 
posing him to form a part of the animal world, viz. the Quadrumana 
of Cuvier, the Primates of Linnaeus, being shewn in the analysis of 
that group to be complete and perfect without him. In conclusion he 
adds, " We have now shewn that, whether we regard man in his 
higher or his lower qualities whether as an immortal or as a mate- 
rial being the station that has been hitherto assigned to him in the 
scale of creation is inconsistent both with innate feeling, and with 
that logical induction upon which all true science reposes ; nor is this 
the only inference to be drawn from the arguments here employed. 
Had the essential distinction, or, in technical language, the specific 
character of man not consisted in the immortality of his noblest part, 
there would have been an immeasurable hiatus between the circles 
of intelligent and unintelligent beings, which nothing that we can 
conceive would lessen, even by supplying the slenderest filament 
which might intimate their connection ; nay more, the higher ranks 
of intelligence would appear to want that link which was to connect 
spirit with matter, corruption with incorruption. If man holds a 
station in the series of unintelligent beings, he cannot enter into the 
circle of those that are intelligent, because no being can occupy a 
station in two distinct circles" 
The two kinds of organized matter, animal and vegetable, are 
next brought under consideration, and, strange as it may seem to those 
who have never directed their inquiries into subjects of this nature, 
it evidently appears, from the researches of the most eminent natu- 
ralists and physiologists, that all attempts rigorously to define either 
is impossible, as the union or amalgamation of the lower organized 
forms of each, has been satisfactorily proved. This, however, is only 
in accordance with what by naturalists is now considered almost in 
the light of an axiom, viz. that no abrupt or absolute divisions exist 
