BLACK WATER FEVER 
197 
and at Point a Pitre they have not hesitated to attribute hemorrhagic complications 
to it, which were more frequent formerly than to-day.' It* occurs also in French 
Guiana, 66 ' 67 British Guiana (uncommon), and Dutch Guiana (?) 
South America. 
Bat Smith 6 records its existence in Brazil, but I can find no other reference. 
With regard to Central South America, the references in the literature at my disposal 
were quite inadequate to give any idea ot either the prevalence of blackwater or of 
malaria. 
Italy. 
It is difficulty to gather from Italian literature what the exact distribution 
of blackwater fever in Italy is. 
1. Marchiafara and Bignami 6 ' 9 say, 'That in the Roman Campagna it is 
rarely seen. In the rest of Central Italy and in Northern Italy the only known case 
is the one published by Murri. It is not rare in Sicily, and not very rare in 
Sardinia (Vincenzi).' 
2. de Francesco Montelone 70 describes severe forms of fever in Calabria, 
seldom found elsewhere in Italy — pernicious hemorrhagic and tropical remittent 
(bilious). 
* Corre68 says that Duchassaing was the first to mention black urines arising from quinine in Guadeloupe. 
