34 THOMPSON YATES AND JOHNSTON LABORATORIES REPORT 
individual to protect himself against malaria. Therefore an important matter presents 
itself for consideration in each West African Colony, namely, how far can the white 
population be protected and to what extent can suggested measures be made applicable 
to the various districts and towns in the Colony ? The three most important sugges- 
tions which have been put forward for this purpose (the protection of a country) are : 
i. The destruction of the malaria parasite in the intermediary host (man) 
by means of quinine. 
1. Segregation. 
3. Destruction of the mosquito. 
Koch first suggested the administration of quinine on a large scale, and applied 
it with some success to communities in German East Indies. In Africa, at Lagos, 
quinine is given gratuitously to the natives. This measure to be efficient must be 
energetically carried out, that is, each individual member of the community harbouring 
malaria parasites must be dosed with the drug. Neglecting the large expense it 
would entail this measure alone is not applicable in Bathurst, it would be difficult to 
carry out in an efficient manner. It would be impossible, until education has further 
advanced, to get the natives to submit to such treatment without using force. 
In Bathurst, the valuable method ot segregation is not feasible, as the 
town is already laid out, and good houses, occupied by Europeans, are situated in 
many of the streets, and surrounded by, as a rule, equally well-built native quarters ; 
still, in a small way, in one part ot Bathurst this measure could be applied, namely, 
to the piece of land extending from the beach to Clifton Road, on which are situated 
Government House, Hospital, and other European quarters ; this area should be 
kept free from the native huts. The method of segregation is applied to some ex- 
tent among the European Commissioners, their huts at the various native towns being 
built three hundred yards away from the native compounds. The segregation prin- 
ciple should also be adopted when new administrative quarters are built in the Colony, 
new bungaloes should not be erected within a distance of half-a-mile from the native 
quarters ; this rule should also be seriously considered by the European traders 
choosing a site for a new depot. 
The last method, which has been so ably advocated by Professor Ross, deals 
with the destruction ot the mosquito by the elimination of its breeding-places. In this 
method the point aimed at is to reduce the number of all species of mosquitoes in 
certain suitable districts ; it appears to me that the town of Bathurst is especially 
suitable for the accomplishment of such a measure. It is situated as described on a 
practically isolated piece of land surrounded on nearly all sides by a broad expanse of 
water. The amount of land to be dealt with is comparatively small, namely, about a 
square mile, the surface is fairly level and sandy, readily absorbing water. In this 
area the breeding-places of mosquitoes are a known quantity, the artificial (those 
made by man) being in excess of the natural. The rainfall for a tropical country is 
