APPENDIX 
iii 
Wings with black- and yellow-scaled areas, the former predominating ; the costa is deep black, 
the second spot only appearing on the costa as a small, almost white, spot ; there are also two small pale 
spots on the costa towards the base of the wing ; on the first long vein are six pale spots, one under the 
white costal spot, the other arranged much as in the type, but the black areas are pronounced ; the 
greater part of the third long vein is pale and the second mostly dark scaled, except for the pale patch at 
the base of the fork and a pale patch towards the apex of its lower branch ; most of the fourth dark 
scaled, the lower branch of the fork having two pale patches. The fifth mostly pale scaled, but with 
three dark patches on the upper branch and a small one at the apex and another at the base of the lower 
and its stem ; sixth with three black spots ; fringe spots very indistinct. Fork-cells and cross-veins as 
in the type. 
Length — 5 mm. Habitat — Gambia (Dutton). Time of capture — December. 
Observations — Described from a single female in perfect condition. It forms a very distinct 
melanic variety. The chief difference from a typical A. costalis is the absence of pale costal spots, one only 
reaching the actual costa, except at the base ; the whole wing field is darker, and the legs with more 
pronounced spotting. The markings in the first long vein are, however, typical of the species. 
II. . Anopheles pharoensis. Theobald 
{Mono. Culicid. I, 169 (1901). Theobald) 
Nine specimens (seven 9 's and two $ 's) of this beautiful Anopheles from the following localities : 
the barracks and prison, Bathurst, and on a marsh at the back of the town, McCarthy Island. A 
specimen was also hatched from a larva taken in a pool, fifteen yards across, at Box Bar. The specimens 
show considerable variation in size, one only measuring 5 mm. ; there is also marked variation in colour, 
due evidently to some containing blood. One large pool alone, some way from the town of Bathurst, 
acted as a breeding ground of this species. This large Anopheles also occurrs at Cairo, Central Africa, and 
in Palestine, and probably occurs all over Africa and in other parts of Asia. 
III. Anopheles funestus. Giles 
{Mem. II, Liv. School of Trap. Med. p. 50 (1900), Giles ; Mono. Culicid. I, p. 182 (1901), Theobald) 
A large series of $ 's and 9 ' s of this species were taken in the following places : — Baia, the Cape, 
and McCarthy Island. The species occurs in native huts, and many were taken on the walls in the prison 
and in Government House at McCarthy Island. They were mostly taken in December. Both at Baia 
and McCarthy Island there were no ordinary or artificial breeding-grounds about, except here and there a 
large marsh. At Baia the marsh was about two miles away from the town. At Cape St. Mary, seven 
miles from Bathurst, this small Anopheles occurs in numbers, and the larvae are here found in rice swamps. 
This species, to some extent, resembles A. rhodesiensis, but can at once be told from it by the pale fringe 
spots and by the pale scaled areas to the wings, and the more pronounced dark patches. The white 
palpal bands are also, it seems, wider apart in A. rhodesiensis. Several of the specimens of A. funestus in 
this collection present well-marked deviations from the type. Speaking generally, the pale and dark scaled 
areas on the veins are not so pronounced, and the base of the fork-cells have not quite the same relative 
positions. In my monograph (Vol. I, p. 186) I pointed out that one of the characters separating Funestus 
from the larger Rhodesiensis, was the position of the cross-veins, this does not hold good, for in the 
Funestus from Gambia I find the cross-veins in some like Funestus as I described, in others like Rhodesiensis. 
The supernumerary and mid may be either in one line as the mid may be in advance of the supernumerary 
and posterior. Rhodesiensis has, however, all the vein scales dark, and the fringe unspotted, and the third 
long vein always dark. The wings are always black at the base of the costa, whereas, in most Funestus 
there is a pale costal spot near the base. Funestus is also smaller than Rhodesiensis ; the latter has so far 
only been sent from Mashonaland. 
