TRYPANOSOMIASIS EXPEDITION TO SENEGAMBIA 
27 
Cases of Eouine Trypanosomiasis observed in the Gambia. 
Case I. — Stallion, age about seven years, in charge of a native at Cape St. Mary. 
History. — The origin of the horse was unknown. It had been in British 
Kommbo for about six months, and, according to the native who was in charge, it had 
been in the state in which we found it for only twenty days. 
Clinical Examination . — When we first saw this horse it was in extremis, and it 
died six days later. We found a small dark-grey native stallion greatly emaciated and 
exhausted. He lay upon his side in the sun entirely apathetic to his surroundings. 
His skin was drenched with sweat and his breathing laboured and extremely frequent. 
Weakness was extreme, and it was not until after several attempts that the horse was 
able to stand. The loins and hind lews seemed weakest, it was their lack of strength 
which made the animal unable to rise. When at last the animal gained his feet he 
stood with legs apart and drooping head, a picture of utter weakness and inanition. 
He was far too weak to protect himself from the swarms of flies hovering 
about him, and, as a consequence, his sheath and hide were dotted with ' bot fly ' larvae 
holes. If the animal were forced to move, the hindquarters once more seemed to be 
weakest, they were not paralyzed but only paretic. We observed no oedemata, 
haemorrhages, or copious discharges from eyes or nostrils. Though the horse was 
ungroomed there was no ' staring ' of the coat or loss of hair. The scrotum and sheath 
were relaxed. Mucous membranes and conjunctivae were anaemic, the latter were 
yellowish and showed no haemorrhages. The appetite was good and the animal fed 
and drank freely. It became progressively weaker, its temperature dropped, and it 
died on October 17 with markedly spasmodic movements almost amounting to con- 
vulsions. The temperature varied ; it was usually about 103 0 F. 
Blood. — The blood counts made showed a progressive diminution in the 
number of red cells, with a corresponding increase in white cells. A count made 
twenty-four hours before death gave only 1,910,000 red cells and 40,000 white cells. 
The number of parasites in this horse's blood three days before death was large, 2,900 
per cubic mm,, a (.lay before death their numbers decreased to two parasites to a 
coverslip preparation. 
The accompanying chart shows the temperature curve of this case during 
the short time it was under observation, and demonstrates in a striking manner an 
attack of fever associated with an increase in the number of parasites present in the 
peripheral circulation. 
Autopsy. — Performed immediately. The coat was not staring. The mucous membranes were 
anaemic and rather yellow. On section, a yellowish gelatinous oedema of the subcutaneous connective 
tissue over the abdomen, particularly near the genitals and forehead, was noticed. It was not present on 
the legs or thorax. It must be remembered that this oedema was sharply localized to the areas mentioned. 
It was not at all general and was not distinguishable ante-mortem. The muscles were rather firm, dark 
in colour, and not oedematous or cloudy. On opening the abdomen, the fat throughout was of a marked 
canary-yellow colour. The intestines were seen to be full of faeces. There was no peritonitis nor 
