TRYPANOSOMIASIS EXPEDITION TO SENEGAMBIA 
55 
relaxed and apparently swollen, though neither about the genitals nor in any other 
part of the body could oedema be demonstrated. The temperature varied from 
ioi"6° to i04 - 2° F. Trypanosomes were seen in the blood on two occasions during 
the two days the pony was under observation. 
Case X. — A bay stallion belonging to the Governor of the Gambia. This was 
also a very early case. For only a few weeks had it been noticed that he was not as 
lively as usual. Parasites were demonstrated in his blood on two occasions. The 
symptoms were precisely those noted in the early stages of the preceding cases, 
save that there was very little loss of flesh. Temperature varied from ioo° to 102 J F. 
during the short time the animal was under observation. This case is the only one 
of this series in which treatment has been attempted. Liquor arsenicalis was used 
in gradually increasing doses until the horse was getting five grains of arsenic a day. 
The dose was kept at this for a week and then reduced. Sir George Denton, in a 
letter dated June 23, says that the horse is ' decidedly better.' 
With the aid of these cases we can construct a well-connected though com- 
posite picture of what we believe to be the usual course of the horse disease in Gambia 
and the immediately adjacent territories. Three of these cases were seen in the 
earliest stages of the disease, two during their last weeks, and the remainder at various 
periods during the course of their illness. One case we have had under continual 
observation since it was first noticed to be 'off colour,' and within a month of the 
date at which it was supposed to have been exposed to infection. 
Skctcli of Symptoms. — The first feature noticed is loss of accustomed vigour. 
There is not quite the same vivacity 111 harness nor usual power of much endurance. 
Still, the animal is apparently in perfect condition. He is fat and his coat is smooth. 
The temperature is only slightly above normal at this time (102-6 0 F,), and if the blood 
be examined but few parasites will be seen, perhaps as many as ten to a cover, often not 
so many. Even these may, for long periods together, be absent from the peripheral 
blood. 
Two or three weeks later more marked signs of ill-health become manifest. 
The horse has commenced to grow thinner, his head is drooping, his eye is not so 
bright, and although he is well able to go under saddle, still the rider is conscious of 
the animal's weakness, which has now become patent. 
At this period there are periodical rises of temperature, at which times the 
parasites will usually be found in the blood, although they may often be absent. 
In another month emaciation is more marked. The ribs commence to shew. 
As a Frontier Force Officer pithily expressed it, 1 the flesh seems to slip back from the 
horse's chest to his belly.' Although the abdomen becomes large it is not in any sense 
due to an oedema. We never observed pitting, and believe that the apparent enlarge- 
ment is due rather to the atonicity which affects the muscles of the bowel in common 
with those of the trunk. The scrotum becomes relaxed and the testicles hang- so 
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