OBSERVATIONS. 
I HERE subjoin a short account, by Professor Buckland of 
Oxford, of a few specimens of the rocks and minerals of Tripoli 
and Fezzan, which I was enabled to collect in the course of my 
tour. 
It appears to Mr. Buckland, from these specimens, that the 
kingdoms of Tripoli and Fezzan present, in their geological struc- 
ture, a striking resemblance to the rocks of Europe ; and are com- 
posed of strata, which are distinctly referrible to the three following 
formations : 
1. Basalt. 
2. Tertiary Limestone, of nearly the same age with the Calcaire 
Grossier of Paris. 
S. New Bed Sand Stone. 
1. The Basaltic Rocks appear to constitute the great chain of 
the Soudah or Black Mountains, near the northern extremity of 
the kingdom of Fezzan, not far from Sockna ; they extend in 
breadth nearly 100 miles from north to south, and run as far as the 
eye can reach from east to west. 
2. The Tertiary Limestone, or Calcaire Grossier, containing 
marine shells in a state of deHcate preservation, is found in Tripoli, 
on the two opposite edges of the desert that Hes between the town 
of Benioleed and castle of Bonjem, and appears to be of the same 
age and formation with depositions of a similar kind that occur 
in Malta and Sicily, and on the north side of the Mediterranean, 
on the coasts of Italy and France. 
3. The New Red Sand Stone formation appears under its 
usual form of loose red sand, accompanied by salt and gypsum, and 
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