Jan. 10, igog.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
S3 
preciatioh of the difficulties, moral arid physical, that 
beset the question. Thfe captain was opposed to spear- 
ing, whether by white men or Indians. Macdougall, his 
neighbor, set forth the plea for both Indians and set- 
tlers, in stating his own case. Ten 3rears before he 
ahd his wife; two tlilMreh atld all their earthly wealth 
Were loadfed iiito ,a scUw, arid he arid his wife's brother, 
iVith i SpEln of horse§, .started, to tOw to th6 upper 
w.atfers. . After incredible hardships they reached a 
pleasant fl.at where three brooks e.rriptied into the river. 
Here he built his first cabin, and had it not befer^ fp'r 
the salmon and trout and game the river furnished, he 
neA^er could have made good his footing. As for the 
Indian.s, he said, no Government could be justified in 
preventing them from taking salmon for their own 
sustenance in a river their tribe owned before the foot 
of a white man trod the soil of the Province, and the 
spear was the only implement their fathers had used 
or taught them to use. As to the settlers who had 
faced all sorts of difficukies in making the wilderness 
habitable, it was rather too much to ask them to ab- 
stain from taking the salmon at their doors — which 
they and their families needed^for the sole benefit of 
fishermen in the harbor and along the river St. John, 
who had no need of Jhe fish for their own subsistence. 
As Mr. Macdougall very forcibly put it, addressing 
the writer, "would you deprive your wife and children 
of necessary food in order that the city fishermen may 
grow rich?" As for the spear, the settlers could see 
no difference what the implement was so long as the 
fish .Was killed. Capt. Bullen could not deny the force 
tif the settler's plek; bis oWii experience had. taught 
iiihi its peculiar logic; but he Still urged that after the 
gravid fish had rSach?d ,th^ir. Spawnitig grOunds thef 
should not be disturbed. Iti this. Mf. .Macdaugali 
agreed, and the .Department was petitipned to place a 
warden to guard the spawning gro.uiids sifter Septetri- 
ber. This was done, and no doubt sonie .good, wSs 
effected; but until the river is more, thickly, settled arid 
public opinion in the neighborhood radically chatiged, 
both red and white men will continue to angle fdf 
salmon in the Tobique with what old Mr. Bateman 
facetiously called his "hickory hackle." 
The following year Mrs. Bullen's health began to fail, 
and the captain, heartily tired of his experience in the 
wilds of New Brunswick, returned with his family to 
England. The writer bade him farewell as he boarded 
a ship bound for Liverpool, and that was the last he 
ever heard of Capt. Bullen, who, little fitted as he was 
for farming or lumbering, was a true sportsman. But 
life has other duties beside sporting, and not always 
can sport and duty be combined. Should these lines 
chance to meet his eye, perhaps he will be interested 
to know that spearing salmon in the Tobique has con- 
tinued ever since he left the river, and in all probability 
will contittue for years to come. 
Otl descending the river we stopped at Rocky Brook, 
attd lower down, at Three Rivers, stilall affluents of the 
"fobitiue. At these places and at . several .other pools 
tlie old Angler to'ijk a riuiTiber df firie. salrilort, which 
rose freely to thfe fl^'-. 'To the angler who .cat! staild in 
a canoe, cast a fair line arid hajidle his. fish prdperl|^, 
the salmon of the Tobique will gi;ve fiiife gpd'rt, fdr, 
though seldom exceeding 15 pounds, they are actlvfe', 
lively -fish and leap freely in their fight fdr liberty. 
We stopped at the mouth of the river, overhauled th^ 
canoe, newly pitched the seams, replenished stores at 
Andover, and next morning proceeded down river. 
The only incident on this trip, apart from visiting over- 
seers and wardens, was a drive from Eel River to Can- 
terbury, and thence to Skiff Lake, in which are found 
the same fresh-water salmon as were then so plentiftd 
in the Schoodic lakes. No doubt in times of high fresh- 
ets, they found their way from the Upper Schoodic 
waters into this and Palfrey lake, the only waters in 
the ProAnnce in which the Ouananiche is found. Skiff 
Lake, studded with its many islands, is the most beau- 
tiful sheet of water the writer has seen in his num- 
erous tramps through the wilds of New Brunswick. 
It has since become a noted resort for anglers, among 
whom Joseph Jefferson, the great actor, was once a 
yearly visitor. Subsequently, the more exciting salmon 
fishing of the Southwest Miramichi allured him from 
this charming place. Whether, since the death, in 
1899, Sandy Wood, his old companion and the writ- 
er's most intimate friend, the veteran angler still visits 
Camp Jefferson at Clear Water, on the Southwest, the 
Octogenarian cannot say, as he is now "out of the 
swim" in the secluded inland town of Sussex. A 
nice trout stream, running through the farm, affords 
him all the fishing he is now able to do, and serves to 
remind him of past pleasures and the days of auld 
lang syne. V. 
[to be continued.] 
The Birth of Salmon Hatching 
on the Pacific Coast. 
It is now over thirty years since the United States 
Fish Commission made its first effort at collecting 
salmon eggs on the Pacific Coast, and although such 
extensive results have followed, it was at the time a 
very doubtful experiment. Indeed, it was like sailing 
out into an unknown sea without chart or compass, 
for thirty years ago not only were the spawning 
grounds of the salmon very difficult of access, but what 
was worse, no one could be found who could tell where 
the spawning grounds were. 
It was Mr. ^V. W. ^lontague, the masterful engineer, 
who overcame the prodigious difficulties of building a 
rnilroad over the Sierra Nevada Mountains, who fur- 
nished the first information in regard to the where- 
abouts of the spawiing salmon, and all he could tell 
about it was that once when he was surveying in the 
McCloud River Cafion he saw ripe spawn dropping 
from salmon that the Indians were spearing there. 
No>y l^he McCloud River was in a nest of mountains 
fifty iniles from Red Bluff', the nearest railroad point at 
that time, and Red Bluff was 250 miles from San Fra^v 
cisco. Acting, however, op this _slight but most for- 
tunate clew furnished by Mf. Montague," MrT'Livingston 
v^tone, thpti Deputy Commissioner for the Pacific Coast, 
and Mr, John G. Woodbury, his assistant, who were 
both at San Francisco, started immediately for the Mc- 
Cloud River, and within forty-eight hours of getting the 
much-needed pointer from Mr. Montague, they saw 
with their own eyes the very things that he had seen 
and described to them. There were the Indiaris spear- 
ing, there Were the salmon and there were the ripe eggs 
dropping from the fish. 
Appearances plairily iiidicated that the spawnirig sea- 
son was far advanced, arid that iio time wSS td be lost. 
At an enormous expense, tWo loads of lutribfr were 
rushed to the McCloud River Cafioli. Tbree days later 
a rough pine cabin had befen built, arid a week later 
hatching troughs had been put iri place out iri the operi 
air and a mountain stream was running merrily through 
them. Salmon were now procured ftom the Iridiari 
spearers, and their eggs fertilized and placed in the 
troughs, and everything looked encouraging; but one 
hot afternoon, horribile dictn, every egg was discovered to 
be white and dead, and the thermometer registering 
84 degrees Fahrenheit in the hatching water. The 
spawning season was indeed now nearly spent, and it 
seemed as if onlj^ a hope of the most forlorn kind was 
left, but fortunately a few more spawning salmon were 
secured, the troughs were filled up again, the eggs were 
eyed, arid on Oct. 23, 1872, the first California salmon 
eggs ever matured artificially, and the first ever sent 
across the continent were shipped to Dr. Slack's trout 
hatchery in New Jersey, where they were hatched, and 
the fish subsequently planted in tributaries 01 the At- 
lantic. 
These were the humble beginnings of the hatching of 
Pacific salmon, which has now, through the agency of 
the various hatcheries of the U. S. Fish Commission, 
of State hatcheries, arid Of private parties, assumed pro- 
portions df such rilagnitude Ott thi shores of the Pacific. 
SaLMO. 
CHICAGO AND THE WEST, 
Carp, Mugcallung^ and ifae Law* 
Chicago, III., Dec, 27.- — Carp seiri'ing uridfc'r the super- 
vision of the State Fish Commission went ori all last 
season in the waters adjoining Fox Lake, Grass Lake, 
etc., of upper Illinois. It is not generally known what 
tremendous quantities of fish are taken in this way. I 
am advised by one observer who has a cottage at Fox 
Lake that lie saw in one corral seven and one half tons 
of carp. Among these fish were several which would 
have weighed 30 to 40 pounds. These fish are shipped 
to the Chicago market, most of them being sold in the 
Ghetto district. 
Once in a while iti this carp seining the fishermen 
take fine wall-eyed pike, muscallunge and other fine 
fishes. Do you think that they always throw them back 
iri? If you do you are very much mistaken. I can pro- 
duce chapter and verse regarding one 46-pound muscal- 
lunge thus taken which was shipped to Henry Kleine 
at ClricagO, who, it is stated, had other fish, such as 
wall-eyed pike, etc.. Sent him. Over these fish, and one 
or two other rnfitters, there arose a very pretty little 
lawsuit, which implicated the warden detailed to super- 
vise the netting. The latter Was cleared of any kind of 
complicity w'ith law-breakirig. I am disposed to think 
some time that there might be a very pretty little story 
found in connectidri with this muScallurigg, these sarp 
seiners, the deputy warden arid other persons. Iri 
short. I have an informant whd has given me his sacred 
word of honor that he will give me all the facts orie of 
these bright days, in which case we shall see What we 
shall see. The seining is not going on now, but will rio 
doubt be undertaken again under the same auspices 
next summer, I hear that the carp bring 2 or 3 cents a 
pound. It is understood that the game fish are not dis- 
graced by having a market price put upon them. Great 
as a popular institution is his honor, the German carp. 
E. Hough. 
ITartfokd Building, Chicago, III. 
Sea Trout and Brook Trout. 
I have the following letter from Mr. W. B. Mershon, 
Saginaw, Mich., one of our best known Western anglers 
and owner of a good fishing on the Cascapedia. Mr. 
Mershon's remarks may be premised by the statement 
that he is a careful and accurate observer of the habits 
of game animals of all sorts. He writes : 
"I have seen quite a lot in Forest and Stream lately 
on the subject of sea trout. I see my friend Hallock 
believes they are dift'erent from brook trout. I do not 
like to dispute a rnan whose knowledge on a subject of 
this kind is superior to mine, but my observations on 
the Cascapedia River extending through a good many 
years lead me to believe that there is no difference be- 
tween brook and sea trout. This year, the river, when 
the ice broke up, was full of large trout. They appar- 
ently were going to the sea and must have remained in 
the river later than usual, or through the winter, and 
when the ice broke up and the freshet was on, they 
worked down to the mouth, where there is no question 
of there being an immense amount of food. It seemed 
to me that the water is so cold in the Cascapedia and so 
little food in it anyhow that the fish have to go to the 
mouth of the river to subsist. When they came in from 
the sea, which they usually do about the 20th of June 
(though this j^ear no trout came in at all, strange to 
say, until very late), they are bright and silvery. The 
black spots are more pronounced than the red ones, but 
the markings of the brook trout are there just the same. 
'The longer they are in the fresh w^ater the darker they 
become, and finally lose their silvery cast and take on 
the hues that make the brook trout so attractive. 
"Why they did not return at the usual time this year, 
] cannot say, but it was unusual to find enormous quan- 
tifie& of large trout in the lower 12 or 15 miles of the 
river in the spring time and also unusual not to meet 
them coming up-stream in this same water in mid- 
summer. 
"Now if they followed the salmon to live on their 
eggs, why is it that this same lower part of the stream, 
\ JTieai} that stfip 9QYerin| iq qx 12 miles fron^ the mouth 
up, also contains large quantities of these trout usually 
during the Summer and fall? 
"My guides tell me that the little creeks or bayous 
putting into the Cascapedia are; full of these trout spawn- 
ing in the late fall and even in the winter time. In the old 
days they used to catch very large ones through the ice 
in these same little inlets and bayous. - I have been there 
late in August and found the fishing most excellent, get- 
ting trout that would weigh from 3 to 6 pounds. One 
evening after the middle of August I took 10 trout that 
weighed 33^4 pounds. Every one of these were dark, 
highly colored fish. I caught them in a favorite deep 
pool of mine about 7 or 8 miles above the mouth of the 
river. All of the little eddies or shallows are full of 
highly colored little fellows from 6 to 8 inches long in 
the spring and summer." 
The Sea Trout, 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Permit me, through your columns, to thank Mr. 
Charles Hallock for his too flattering allusions to the 
Old Angler in your issue of .Dec. 20, and also for the 
courteous manner in which he attacks my positions on 
the sea trout question, as set forth by the Octogena- 
rian. 
Mr, H. says he has "the key to the problem, which 
should reconcile all variances"; but instead of turning 
the key himself, he hands it over to two of his 
friends, who each gives it a yank, in his efforts to turn 
it as Mr, H. wishes. One of these, Mr, Gregory, the 
Octogenarian met years ago in Ottawa, and has ever 
since regretted that he could not meet him often and 
enjoy that bon camaraderie for which he has a distin- 
guished and deserved reputation, Mr, G,'s working 
at the key has brought forth both facts and opinions; 
but the latter are very slightly supported by the former. 
The facts stated by Mr, G, corroborate those set forth 
by me at some length in your issue of Dec, 20. Not 
one of my statements is questioned, while all of them 
receive support from Mr. G. as long as he deals with 
facts. He is aware that many rivers become well 
stdeked with sea trout, which go a long distance up 
streahi; are a nuisance in salmon pools and after a 
time disappear. In these facts we are agreed. On this 
slight fOUridatiori of fact Mr. G. bases the following 
erroneous opiniom: That sea trout are gregarious and 
migratory shore fish, which come and go periodically 
to and from the sea; that they subsist on littoral food, 
and are looked for only at stated periods of the year. 
While Mr, G, does not formulate it in express terms, 
he leaves us no room to doubt that his opinion is they 
spawn in salt water. This is all that Mr. G.'s yank- 
ing at the key discloses as an offset to the array of 
facts—not opinions— set forth by the Old Angler in 
your issue of Dec. 20. 
Mr. Hallock then puts forward his ''clincher" from 
the pen of Mr. John Manuel, of Ottawa, owner of the 
River Godbout, which he has fished annually for 
twenty-five years. As this gentleman is a Brother of 
the Angle, I tender him my compliments and beg his 
patience while I examine the working of the key in 
his hands. Let me, then, separate his facts from his 
opinions and see how far his testimony adds weight 
to Mr. Hallock's contention. His facts are, that sea 
trout go up the Godbout in large numbers; that he 
has seen them netted in large numbers at the mouth of 
this river; that large schools of trout go up this river 
in July and August; that most of these remain there all 
winter and come down when the river breaks up in 
May, as was stated in my presentation of the facts. 
His opiniom are: That they go up river in July and 
August to feed on salmon eggs, that are not deposited 
until Oetober and November; and, finally, he thinks 
with Mr. H. that sea trout are littoral or shore fish, 
which, he leads us to infer, spawn in salt water. Mr. 
Manuel's deposition certainly is a "clincher"; but on 
my side of the argument! 
After his two friends had shown their skill in twist- 
ing the key, Mr. H. thinks that all the irrefragable 
facts stated in your issue of Dec. 20 can easily be recon- 
ciled with his sea trout theory if I will only "allow- 
that the sea trout ascend rivers to eat spawn and not 
to deposit it," as we all know the fontinalis do. I 
think I see the twinkle in Mr. H.'s blue eyes, as he 
wrote this sentence. But even with this admission, all 
the other facts I have stated, if they are not confuted. 
are fatal to his sea trout cult. Mr. H. will hardly 
risk his reputation as a Naturalist by endorsing his 
friend's opinion that this variety of the Salmo family 
spawns in salt water; nor will he, I think, contend that 
a slight difference in the texture and color of the gills 
of fontinalis when in fresh water, is sufficient to make 
It a separate variety from its brethren who cannot 
reach salt water! 
The Old Angler opines that Mr. H. will have to 
work his key himself or else get the assistance of more 
careful observers than his amiable friends, whose has- 
tily formed opinions are poorly supported by partially 
observed facts, 
Venning: 
The Accord Fox Club's Hunt 
Crippled and scarred in the battle of years. 
Over the mountains he nobly steers; 
The dogs on his track send an answering bay 
Down through the valley as if they would say: 
"He's coming; be ready; don't miss him to-day." 
Only a cracker left in the box, 
Four of us hungry awaiting the fox. 
A stir in the bushes, a rustle of leaves. 
The old fox has passed us; each one of us grieves. 
For the dogs look their thoughts as thev pause on their way 
And their thoughts put to words mean, "Who is to pay ? ' 
"We drove him, you missed him." They are off and awav 
Only a cracker left in the box, 
Four of us hungry awaiting the fo.x. 
Again to the mountains, the dogs on his trail, 
Through the brush of the forest he enters the vale; 
As he leaps o'er the brown sedge, four echoes reca'll 
The camp-fire's story, where nobody falls; 
You ask me the moral, "Go home," that is all. - 
Only a cracker left in the box. 
Four of us hungry a^v{^itipg the fox. 
