INSTRUCTIONS FOE. COLLECTING ARACHNID A, ETC. 93 
that affords shelter from the heat and light of day. Some spiders 
are diurnal and may be caught while darting about in the hot sun. 
Many Scorpions and large Spiders live in deep burrows, from which 
they have to be dug out. 
The Trapdoor Spiders close the mouth of the burrow with a movable 
lid, and are hard to detect. They frequently, however, betray their 
presence to the collector by rapidly closing the lid at the sound of a 
footfall. Both Spider and its trapdoor nest should be procured if 
possible. Some species of this group in South Africa, Madagascar, 
South America, and other parts of the tropics make their homes, 
not in the ground, but upon the trunks of trees. They should be 
carefully looked for. Many of the smaller species of Solpugas live 
in Termites' nests and feed upon the occupants. 
Small Spiders may be obtained in abundance by beating or shaking 
bushes and flowers over a sheet of paper or of white linen. 
Most of the web-spinning species live on trees or bushes, and, if 
in the centre of the web, will usually drop at a touch into a wide- 
necked jar held beneath. If the web is apparently unoccupied, 
search for the owner should be made beneath the leaves of an 
adjoining bush, the hiding-place being often betrayed by a silk 
thread running from the web to the place of concealment. 
Rolled leaves frequently contain Spiders and their cocoons. Leaf, 
Spider, and cocoon should all be preserved if possible. Sketches of 
webs, or notes as to their structure, are always interesting and useful. 
Both Spiders and Centipedes may be sought for beneath stones on 
the seashore, or even in the tidal pools. 
Ticks are to be found in grass or under stones, but chiefly as 
parasites upon living and freshly killed vertebrated animals ; that 
is to say, upon all Mammalia, including Bats and even amphibious 
species — upon Birds, and upon Snakes, Tortoises, and Lizards. The 
name of the infested host should be written upon the locality label. 
Book- Scorpions, diminutive Arachnids resembling Scorpions but 
for the absence of the tail, live normally in moss or under bark. 
Certain species, however, are to be found beneath the wing-cases of 
large Beetles or attached to the legs of Flies. One or two forms are 
restricted to the shore between tide-marks. 
Millipedes are perfectly harmless, and may be handled with 
