VARIOUS SOFT-BODIED INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. Ill 
denly with warm corrosive sublimate animals with polyps already 
expanded ; or narcotization with chloral hydrate or alcohol may be 
resorted to. 
Brachiopoda. 
Signor Lo Bianco recommends narcotizing in alcoholized sea-water. 
Before placing in alcohol for final preservation, a small chip of wood 
is placed between the valves of the shell. Without this precaution 
sea-water will be retained between the shut valves, and the soft 
parts will putrefy. 
Tunicata. 
The minute tailed Ascidians, known as Appendicularice, sometimes 
occur in abundance at the surface of the sea. Signor Lo Bianco 
recommends that they be killed by leaving them for five minutes 
in a mixture of chrom-osmic acid (see " Otenophora ") ; they are 
then washed and graded (see p. 97) in alcohol. 
The pelagic Tunicata (Pyrosoma, Sal-pa, Doliolum) are killed and 
fixed with osmic acid, washed in fresh-water, and transferred to 
strong spirit or 10 per cent, formalin. 
Simple and compound Ascidians should be narcotized by placing 
them for some hours in chloralized sea-water containing hydrate of 
chloral 1 in 1,000. They may then be put into strong spirit or 10 
per cent, formalin, which should be changed after twenty-four 
hours, because Ascidians contain much water. 
Mr. A. B. Lee* strongly recommends for Compound Ascidians a 
process employed by Professor Van Beneden. The corm is placed in 
clean sea-water for a few hours. When the zooids are extended, the 
corm is seized with the fingers and dropped into glacial acetic acid, 
and left there for from two to six minutes. It is then removed with 
the fingers, and washed well in 50 per cent, alcohol, and graded into 
successively stronger alcohols up to 70 per cent. This method avoids 
the use of steel, and will not injure the fingers if they are washed 
at once. 
* A. B. Lee, " Microtomist's Vade Mecum," 5th edit., 1900, p. 460. 
