GROUND FLOOR. 
47 
of the last century. In the same case is placed the skeleton of 
a smaller allied form, the Halitherinm, from the Miocene of 
South Germany. These, with their existing representatives, the 
Manatee and Dugong (see Osteological Gallery, "West Wing, 
Second Moor, p. 45), belong to the order Sirenia, aquatic mammals 
of fish-like form, presenting considerable external resemblance 
to Cetacea (the Whales and Dolphins), although differing from 
them in many essential points of structure and habit. 
The wall-cases on the south side (right on entering) con- Fossil remains 
tain remains of Man found under such circumstances as may °^ 
justify the appellation of " fossil," in caves or pleistocene de- 
posits, associated with the bones of animals either completely 
or locally extinct. Then follow in systematic order the bones 
and teeth of the other Primates, the Carnivora, Ungulata and 
Sirenia. 
The greater part of the north side of the gallery is devoted to the 
exhibition of a magnificent collection of the remains of Probos- 
cidea (Dinotheria, Mastodons and elephants), including the fine 
series from the sub-Himalayan Mountains collected by Cautley 
and Falconer. 
In the pavilion, or expanded portion of the end of the gallery, 
are skeletons and bones of the animals of the order Edentata, 
mostly from South America, including some fine specimens of 
the great Ground Sloths, the largest of which is the Megatherium, 
shown in the act of rearing itself on its hind legs and powerful 
tail to seize and tear down the branches of a tree, in order to 
feed upon the leaves. That this was the habit of this huge 
animal is clearly indicated by the structure of the bones and 
teeth. The mounted specimen is not an actual skeleton^ but is 
composed of plaster casts of the bones, most of which are in the 
wall-case at the side of the room. Of the Mylodon, a smaller, 
but nearly allied species, an almost perfect skeleton is ex- 
hibited in a glass case near the Megatherium, and not far off is 
the Glyptodon, a huge extinct Armadillo, enclosed in a solid 
barrel-like bony case. As these animals far surpassed in 
size their diminutive existing representatives, so the gigantic 
Australian Marsupials of the corresponding period (pleistocene, 
or latest tertiary), the Diprotodon and Nototherium, remains 
of which will be found in this room, greatly exceeded any of the 
