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EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 
[UPPER 
worshipped, each city having a distinct group, formed of the 
local god, his wife, and child, with occasionally a fourth divinity 
added. In the representations of the deities, their heads are 
generally exchanged for those of the animals sacred to them. 
The figures in Cases 1-11 are arranged simply as illustrations 
of mythology, and without reference to their original purpose. 
Those which are of wood and stone were found generally 
in tombs and temples ; those of bronze and silver were prin- 
cipally votive ; whilst the small figures in gold, porcelain, 
and other materials, were worn as amulets, employed, in 
private worship, or attached to the mummies of the dead. 
The upper row in the Cases contains the larger figures, the 
next those in bronze, the third those in porcelain, and in 
the lowest are the larger figures in various materials. Among 
them may be noticed the following : — 
Cases 1, 2. Amenra (Jupiter), the principal deity of Thebes; Ra 
(The Sun), the god worshipped at Heliopolis, or On; Phtah (Vulcan), 
the divinity of Memphis ; the goddess Sekhet or Bast (Bubastis) ; and 
Neith (Minerva), the goddess of Sais, whence her worship is supposed 
to have been carried to Athens. Cases 3-5. Thoth (Mercury), the god 
of knowledge, and the reputed inventor of writing; the goddess 
Sothis, or the Dog Star ; Osiris, the judge of the dead, his wife Isis, 
and their son Horus, three divinities who were worshipped throughout 
Egypt. Case 7. Anubis, the god of Embalming, and Bes, orTyphon, 
the impersonation of the principle of Evil. 
Cases 8-11. Representations of animals sacred to the various divini- 
ties, and which were also themselves worshipped, though the reverence 
paid to some of them varied considerably in different parts of the country. 
In Cases 8, 9, are quadrupeds, such as the Bull Apis, the jackal of 
Anubis, the cat of Sekhet or Bast, the cynocephalus, the lion, the 
goat, &c. In Cases 10, 11, birds, fishes, and reptiles, such as the 
hawk of Horus, the ibis of Thoth, fishes of various kinds, the croco- 
diles of Sebak, and the cobra di capello snake, or uraeus. There are 
also sacred emblems, such as those of Life, Stability, &c. 
II. CIVIL SECTION. 
The remains of Egyptian dress, personal ornaments, and 
articles of domestic use, show the high civilization and even 
luxury to which the people had attained. 
In Cases 12, 13, are figures of kings and public functionaries, in 
bronze, ivory, or wood, principally found in tombs. The most remark- 
