FLOOR.] 
MAUSOLEUM ROOM. 
81 
No. 172. Two metopes, ^ith the head of Diana, from the Roman 
arch at Xanthos. 
No. 173. Roman square monument; on one side are Plutus and 
Fortune ; on the other is a Persian shooting at various animals. 
No. 175. Part of the interior frieze of a tomb at Antiphellus, pro- 
bably representing nymphs. 
No. J 76. Greek inscription of the Roman Imperial times. 
No. 176*. Cippus, in shape of a cinerary urn. 
In this room are provisionally placed ten seated figures, a lion and 
a Sphinx, brought from the sacred way leading up to the temple of 
Apollo at Branchidie in 1858, and a head of a female figure found 
at Branchidae, in 1872. (See Newton, Hist, of Discoveries, &c., II., 
Part 2, p. 527.) These figures are among the earliest and most im- 
portant extant specimens of Greek sculpture in marble. Their date 
probably ranges from B.C. 580 to b.c. 520. On the back of the lion 
is an inscription in five lines, and in very ancient characters, containing 
a dedication of certain statues as a tenth to Apollo, by several persons 
who were probably citizens of Miletos. One of the seated figures 
represents, as we learn from its inscription, Chares, ruler of Teichioussa, 
who dedicated this statue of himself to Apollo. This is the oldest 
known portrait statue in Greek art. On another statue is part of the 
name of the sculptor who made it. 
The door on the North side of the Lycian Gallery opens into a 
small ante-room, in which are on one side a seated figure of Demeter, 
two pigs dedicated to Persephone, and several heads and other sculp- 
tures, all of which were found in the temenos of the Infernal Deities 
at Cnidus. (See Newton, Hist, of Discoveries, &c,, II., Part 2, p. 375.) 
In the opposite recess are an Iconic female figure from the temenos 
of Demeter, Cnidus ; a head of which the eyes formerly contained 
enamel ; and a torso, perhaps of the nymph Cyrene, found at Gyrene. 
(See Smith and Porcher, Discoveries, &c., pp. 91-8.) 
MAUSOLEUM ROOM. 
In this room are arranged the remains of the Mauso- 
leum at Halicarnassus, erected by Artemisia, about B.C. 
So 2, over the remains of her husband, Mausolos, Prince 
of Caria, and discovered by Mr. Newton in 1857. It 
consisted of a lofty basement, on which stood an oblong 
Ionic edifice, surrounded by 36 Ionic columns, and sur- 
mounted by a pyramid of 24 steps. The whole structure, 
140 feet in height, was crowned by a chariot group in 
white marble, in which, probably, stood Mausolos himself, 
represented after his translation to the world of demigods 
G 
