8 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[July 5, 1902. 
trail it, and it probably died a slow, lingering death and 
furnished plenty of bear food. 
I was just comfortably seated when a grunt from a 
bull, to niy right and down along the lake, gave notice 
that he had heard and was coming as fast as his legs 
could bring him to the love song Ben was sending forth 
from the horn. The wind was blowing almost directly 
from us toward him. He came tolerably close, stopped 
and was not heard afterward. About this time another 
bull came crashing through the woods, further out from 
the Jake, grunting every few steps, He was not just 
in line for the wind, so he came very close befoi-e his 
powerful olfactory organs warned him of the presence 
of danger. He stopped, turned and stole away so quietly 
that I did not hear him go. At this time Ben was hav- 
ing fun of his own. Sitting with his back to the lake, he 
heard another answer behind him across the lake and 
up on the hardwood ridge, which ran ]>arallel with the 
southwest shore. Presently he saw the bull emerge from 
the bushes and start directly across toward him. When 
he reached deep water so that he had to swim, he turned 
and went back and xlisappeared. In a few minutes he 
crossed over to our side at the upper end of the lake, 
where the water was shallow, and came slowly and cau- 
tiously in a semi-circle toward the horn. It was a stand- 
off as to which made the most noise, the moose or the 
ealler; but on he came so slowly and might not come any 
further. It was a ground-hog case, we had to get him. 
I was tempted to go up to Ben to try for a shot, but it 
was not possible to get through without making so much 
noise that the moose was likely to be frightened away, 
and then he had the big .45-90. I had played in such 
hard luck from the begin inng that I was willing to shift 
the responsibility of getting a moose to some one else. 
It so happened that my position put me at one end of the 
semi-circle, which the m.oose was describing. He had 
been quiet for a few minutes, and I began to fear that he 
had gone like the rest and left us to meditate on what 
might have been, when suddenly there was a great 
crashing of brush and limbs in front and to my left. 
The next instant through the thick undergrowth the dim 
outline of a large animal was seen. A few steps further 
on he stepped upon a large boulder with his front feet 
and stopped to listen. A glance had shown that he 
carried a pair of horns. Only a spot of hair could be 
seen; a glance along the rifle and I was looking under 
the Lyman rear sight. Quickly adjusting my head, the 
front bead came into the center of the ring, the finger 
pressed the trigger, and there was a sharp, wicked crack. 
Quickly throwing a cartridge into the barrel I jumped 
to my feet, ready for whatever might happen. The 
moose was nowhere to be seen. Carefully picking my 
way through the brush toward where he had stood, I 
was within ten feet of the spot before the tip of his left 
antler came into view over a large log, which was ele- 
vated some distance above the ground. Another glance 
under the log and his head, with a stream of blood gush- 
ing from each nostril, was seen. Ben soon knew what 
had happened, and came shouting at every step, "Give 
him another! Give him another! That little popgun 
won't kill a moose with one shot! Shoot as long as you 
can see hair, but don't shoot this way!" He was about 
out of talk when he reached the scene of the carnage. 
But there lay the moose as dead as the proverbial door 
nail, and he had to admit that he did not need another 
ehot, and that the Mannlicher had done good execution, 
and from the way the blood was coming had wrought 
great havoc in his internal arrangements somewhere, for 
we did not then know where the bullet had taken effect. 
I forgave Ben for all the uncomplimentary things he had 
said about my hunting and shooting. We buried the 
hatchet, that is, I gave him one of the Marbles best, and 
we were soon at peace with ourselves and all the world. 
It is seldom, indeed, that the consummation of an event 
equals the anticipation of it, but al that moment the 
fond dream of a lifetime was a reality. I had killed a 
moose. 
Ben hung his coat on a bush near by, and we started 
for help to handle the big brute. I stopped at the tent 
and got dinner and rested, while Ben went on to the 
cabin. 
After a while he returned with the count, Alex and 
Wilfred, with cameras, meat sacks, sharp axes and 
knives, and we were soon at work. I was foolish enough 
to say that the bullet had gone through his lungs; this 
seemed evident from the way he had blown blood from 
his nostrils. As the skinning progressed and no bullet 
wound came into view in the chest or shoulder region, 
I assumed then that we would find it in his neck, and we 
skinned on to his ears and disarticulated his neck and 
head. My embarrassment was becoming painful. In the 
language of a coroner's verdict, we had not found a 
wound sufficient to have caused death, much less did we 
find the one that did actually cause it. The count sug- 
gested that it was his deliberate judgment that the ani- 
mal died from fright, and they all agreed with him. 
My only consolation was in the fact that there was an 
amount of mobility and looseness of the lower jaw that 
indicated some trouble in the region of its articulation 
with the upper. This proved to be the fact. The bullet 
had entered about three inches below the ear and four 
back of the eye, had passed clear through and had frac- 
tured the jaw on both sides, and had cut ofif- the large 
blood vessels and nerves at the base of the skull, com- 
pletely paralyzing him. 
Wilfred took all the meat he could carry and we started 
for the cabin via the tent, where we gathered up my 
sleeping bag and toiled on with our heavy load. Ben 
and Alex had remained behind to try to get a shot for 
tl;^ count toward evening and to bring the head and hide 
over with them. About a mile or more on our way we 
stopped to rest after a tramp up a long hill on a hard 
wood ridge, where there was not much undergrowth and 
one could see a hundred yards or moi-e. Taking up the 
horn I gave the moose call as best I could. It had 
.scarcely been finished and the sound died away, when 
Wilfred whispered, "Get ready, Doctor, I hear one com- 
ing." Instantly the horn came to my lips to coax him 
on, as I had seen and heard Ben and Ed do. But he 
was coming too fast. Before the horn sounded it was 
evident that a gun was needed to stop him rather than 
a horn to coax him on. The next instant there came 
jnto view a fine bull cgrihou, an ^imal J h^A nev?r seen 
before. We had remarked as he came that he did not 
grunt like a moose, and certainly did not look 
like one, and came on a run, which a moose .seldom 
or never does. Having run by the source of the sound 
and tak^en his bearings, he turned and came directly 
toward us, and when twenty steps away stopped. The 
Mannlicher spoke, the bullet entered a little to the right 
of the center of his head almost three inches below the 
eyes, passed through the skull, neck, chest and abdominal 
cavities, and came out near the root of the tail. It did 
not mushroon much, and the wound of exit was not 
much larger than that of entrance. 
Considerable damage was done to the bones of the 
head, but the track of the wound through the neck, chest 
aiTd abdominal cavities was not what I expected to see. 
It seems that it is necessary to have great resistance on 
impact in order to get the so-called explosive force of 
high-power metal-patched ammunition, which is only an- 
nother name for mushrooming and its effects. Army 
medical officers tell us that the best illustration of this 
is found in the adult human skull; here the bones are 
very hard and the contents very soft and pultaceous. 
The explosive effects are terrible, but in animals the 
brain cavity is relatively very small and the whole head 
is given up to the organs of special sense, particularly 
those of the sense of smell, so that the explosive effects 
of this kind of ammunition are not so well marked in 
head shots. 
Nature, in providing for the survival of the fittest 
among animals, is lavish in her gifts of hair, hide, carti- 
lege, muscle, periosteum and bone. The forehead of an 
average bull moose will resist the penetration of any 
high-power soft-nose bullet if it strikes above the eyes 
and the head is up. I have not had the opportunity of 
seeing what effect a full mantled bullet would have un- 
der the same conditions, but assume it would reach the 
brain if the head was in the right position, but if it 
should strike high in the heavy bony ridge from which 
the antlers spring, it would probably do great local 
damage and might kill the animal from, concussion of 
the brain, but that the bullet would enter very far into 
the ivory-like bone I do not believe. We began to skin 
the caribou, and as night came on made a fire so as to 
see how to do it, and, beside, we knew that the count, 
Ben and Alex were likely to come along at anv time, 
and we preferred that they should see rather than hear 
us in the dark woods. The count only had a 7mm. rifle, 
not much of a gun for moose, but we did not care to try 
to stop any of his bullets. After a while they came 
threadmg their way along by the dim light of a lantern, 
which some one had been thoughtful enough to take 
along. They were glad to see the caribou and congratu- 
lated me on my success, but had a hard protest be- 
cause the shot that killed the caribou had frightened 
away a moose which Ben and Alex had called for him. 
The roads away from the settlement lack a whole lot of 
being boulevards; stumps are never taken out of the way, 
it is easier to pull around them, and no attention is ever 
paid to logs, roots and rocks; if the horses can get over 
them the sled will follow, But woes innumerable betide 
the hunter who tries to hit such a trail in the dark, and 
he only is wise who takes a lantern along. From Boies- 
town out to the end of the settlement at the crossing of 
the Miramichi there is a good graveled road. A team 
of horses can trot right along with a wagon and a fair 
load; but after that there are no roads worthy of the 
name. The old Indian trails have simply been 'widened 
out so that a team with a sled can go through. We went 
over the road to Lynch's depot on Clearwater, and the 
only evidence of any work ever having been done on it 
was that some low wet places had been filled in with 
logs (corduroyed) and were told that the rest of the 
road through to Perth was just as good. While this has 
been for more than sixty years the main highway into 
the woods around the headwaters of the southwest 
Miramichi and through to the St. John and the mouth 
of the Tobique, it is little used. During the winter when 
the heavy snows come and sledding is good, the supply 
depots and lumber and hunting camps too are stocked 
with supplies for man and beast for the year, but during 
the summer only an occasional sled team and a tramp- 
ing lumber man may be met once in a while. 
When we reached the cabin a light came through the 
west window, and Jim Moore opened the door. He had 
come up from Tehoe for bread. We were in high glee 
over my success — a moose and a caribou the same day. 
This does not often happen, especially in that part of 
the country where there are not many caribou. Our 
hearts sank within us when we heard that King had not 
had a shot. Only four days were left for hunting and his 
case was getting desperate. 
D. W. Green, M. D. 
Dayton, O, ^ 
The Diamond Hitch. 
New Haven, Conn., June 5.— Editor Forest and 
Stream: In the current number of Forest and Stream 
I notice a request from Mr. Hough for i'nformation 
concerning the diamond hitch. In the U. S. Cavalry 
Drill Regulations, _ pars. to 1,118 inclusive, there 
are full and explicit directions for lashing cargoes on a 
pack saddle, with six illustrations showing the hitch in 
different stages of completion. I have been under the 
impression that the form of lashing there shown was the" 
true diamond hitch. If I have been mistaken in this I 
would be glad to learn of it, 
W. G. Van Name. 
Chicago, III, June 14. — Referring to the request of an 
army officer of the Dutch army in Java, in regard to in- 
formation on the subject of the diamond hitch, I trust 
that should these lines ever come to his notice, he will 
feel that he now has the question as well solved as may be 
by any correspondence school. I was unable to obtain 
the excellent articles on the diamond hitch published in 
the Forest and Stream years ago under the signature of 
Yo, but I have gotten at the' matter from another angle 
through the kindness of divers Forest and Stream 
friends. 
Mr. F. F. Frisbee, of Detroit, Mich., states that some 
years ago he wrote an article on packing and pack horses 
which des?ribe4 the method of throwing the di^mojid 
hitch. He refers me to this book, for what he takes to b< 
an easy course of instruction in throwing the hitch for 1 
my friend m Java. Still more specific is the following let- 
ter from Capt. Wm. F. Flynn. of Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 
wro writes me in a letter which I take the liberty of quot-. 
ing below, since it may prove of service to yet others who 
rnay be in search of information on the diamond hitch 
Capt. Flynn says : 
"If one wishes real information on any subject all ht 
need do is say so in the Forest and Stream ! I can cit( 
you a book prepared by one of the best packers (probably 
the best packer) in the U. S. Army, which will, I believe 
give Lieut, de Waal all the information on the diamonc 
hitch and ^packing in general that can be obtained fron 
a book. The book to which I refer is 'Manual of In-, 
struction in Pack Transportation— Daly.' It is for sal^ 
by the Adjutant, West Point, N. Y., and costs 50 centsJ 
The U. S. Cavalry Drill Regulations,' pages 455 to 46m 
(for sale by Montgomery Ward for $1), shows how thm 
hitch is thrown very clearly; but Daly's book is far the? 
better. I will forward you under separate cover both thest 
works, so you may examine them. Trust you will fine 
the information you desire and also trust that you maj', 
find an opportunity of visiting me at thrs station and ob- 
serving the two beautiful pack trains under my direction.' 
I have sent for the books above noted, which I will for- 
ward to Lieut. De Waal at his post in the Dutch East In- 
dies, and believe he has now had the best service obtain- 
able in this matter. If he does not learn to throw the 
diamond hitch now, he will at least be able to feel that h( 
lost his mind in a good cause. 
E. Hough. 
We quote the chapter on "Packing" from the "Cavalrj 
Drill Regulations" of the United States Army: 
Pack Trains. 
Tt22. Active, short-coupled, short-legged, "blocky' 
mules, weighing from 800 to 1,000 pounds, are consid 
ered the best for pack animals. 
Under favorable conditions each animal can carry 
load of about 30 per cent, of his own weight; the loat 
should not be much in excess of 200 pounds when lon« 
or hard marches are to be made. | 
With 50 packs there should be 12 packers. I 
Each troop should have four mess boxes, ^-inch lura« 
ber, dovetailed, 11x18x26 inches; and, when packecl 
in pack cover, without lids. I 
In camp or garrison, logs of wood, 26 inches long, anil 
sacks of corn, double-sacked and lashed to avoid breakB 
ing sacks, having the weight it is intended the muleif 
should carry, are kept on hand for drill purposes. I 
Each pack should be provided with two coils of ?^-incll 
rope, 18 to 28 feet long for lashing side packs. i 
The pack saddle consists of the saddle proper; twcl 
pads; crupper; corona; manta or pack cover; two piece;! 
of canvas, each 84x22 inches, stitched together on th< 
long edges; halter and strap; canvas cincha, 10 inches 
vyide; sling rope, J-^-inch best hand-laid manila whah 
line. 20 to 32 feet long; and leather cincha, with las! 
rope ?^-mch whale line 42 feet long. There should be 
one blind for every five packs. 
The size of rope is given by the measurement of it; 
diameter. 
A "full-rigged" saddle has sling straps and cargo 
cincha; the sling and lash ropes are then dispensed with 
While saddling, loading, or readjusting the packs, tht 
animals should be Winded. The mules should be trainee 
to stand perfectly quiet while the blind is on; they shoulo; 
never be fed or forced to move without first removingi 
the blind. 
To Fft the Saddle, 
1123. The pack saddle is fitted to the animal in a man^ 
ner similar to that of the riding saddle; it is so con^ 
structed that it can be placed one and one-half inches! 
farther forward than the riding saddle. 
If the pads are not square, draw the screws, unlace 
the pads from the skirts, then square and fit them to the 
animal by placing the canvas cincha immediately around 
the animal's girth, the front edge touching the breast- 
bone (cartilages of true ribs), the middle of the cincha 
being exactly in the middle of the lower edges of tht' 
pads; then screw the pads to the saddle bars, keeping 
the cincha in place till the adjustment is made; then re^i 
move the cincha and relace the pads. ; 
Adjust the canvas cincha so as to be long enough toi 
go nearly around the girth of the mule, over the saddle, 
Adjust the crupper by lengthening or shortening the 
lace strings that attach it to the saddle, taking care not 
to make it too tight. 
To Saddle. 
1 124. Place the corona on the mule's back, about two' 
to two and one-half inches in front of where the pommel 
end of the saddle is to rest; place the folded saddle 
blanket over the corona; take the saddle by both yokes 
and place it squarely in position, a little in rear of its 
proper place; place the crupper under the dock and gent- 
ly move the saddle forward to position; pass the ring end 
of the canvas cincha over the saddle from left to right and 
under the belly; pass the latigo through the ring and 
tighten the cincha; when cinched, the ring end of the 
cincha should be above the lower edge of the near pad. 
Cargoes. 
1125. The rations, should be carefully put up in ioo-| 
pound packs lashed solidly, and carried on the best pack 
mules; each pack is plainly marked with its contents and 
weighed. ! 
Salt, sugar, coffee and beans are double-sacked and 
lashed in 100-pound packages. Bacon, in loo-pound 
packages, is packed in from five to eight pounds of clean 
straw or hay, double-sacked, and lashed firmly. 
The yeast-powder cases should be opened and hay or 
straw stuffed closely around the boxes to prevent shak- 
ing, and, with other articles, lashed in lOO-pound pack- 
ages. 
Each cargo is in two side packs of about 100 to 125 
pounds each, and should match in size, shape, and weight, 
as nearly as practicable, each side pack having, as nearly 
as may be, the following proportions; width one-half 
more than the thickness, length t^^arly one-htlf more 
thai? width; e.g., 4? X 18 X as inchesv ' 
