Stream 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and 
CopvBiGMT, 1903, Bv Forest ahd Stream Pubushwg Co, 
Gun. 
Terms, $i a Year. 10 Cts. a Copy. 
Six Month $2. 
NEW YOPiK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1902. 
( VOL.XIX.— No. 18. 
j No. 846 Broadway, New York, 
A tadpole cattght by one^s own child is deemed 
a fine fish. — Indian Proverb* 
ZOO AND PARK. 
The managers of the New York Zoological Park are 
impatient of the popular abbreviation of the title to the 
"New- York Zoo." They submit that the park is some- 
thing quite different from the conventional zoo, and that 
the distinction should be given recognition in its designa- 
tion. In this they are right. The park is not only differ- 
ent from the zoo, but it is so much superior that the old 
term of zoo applied to it is erroneous and belittling. 
A zoo as commonly known to most cities where it exists 
is a collection of wild animals crowded into a confined 
space which has been wrested for the purpose from a 
park area, and into which the unhappy creatures are 
packed in the way to get the most exhibits into the least 
room. Large animals are confined in small cages and. 
pens, where they have no rest from one another, and no 
sufficient means of exercise. Here they are shut up year 
after year, victims of a refined cruelty which takes no 
heed of their sufferings. An elephant in the New York. 
Central Park was for years kept chained by all his four 
feet to the floor, until as a matter of course he went 
crazy and had to be killed. "Wicked Old Tom got 
cyanide at breakfast," the papers reported it — a fine 
discernment surely, to attribute wickedness to a beast 
which had been slow-tortured into insanity. "The day 
will be long, but there will be an end of it," said the in- 
domitable Frenchman condemned to the rack; but this 
poor Central Park brute in chains had not the sense to 
know that his day would have an end. "Wicked Old 
Tom" was only a type of his class. The zoos of the 
country are full of creatures whose captivity cannot mean 
anything else than prolonged suffering ; and it is a curious 
twist in human nature that permits us to tolerate with 
complacency, or at best with indifference, the zoo system. 
Under the conditions which have been provided at the 
Zoological Park, the lot of the captive animals is in large 
measure ameliorated. The ruminants — buffalo, elk, deer — 
have extensive ranges, where they may roam freely and 
vndely. The bears are in cages of such size and con- 
struction, and in such combination with rock caves and 
ledges, that these creatures too have that freedom of 
movement and exercise which is essential to the health 
and physical comfort of all animals, including man. Even 
the monkeys are provided for after a fashion, which, 
while it does not give them conditions in any degree ap- 
proximating their surroundings in nature, is yet far be- 
yond the conventional monkey cage. The difference be- 
tween the Zoological Park and the ordinary zoo is in short 
just the difference between intelligent and humane treat- 
ment at the Bronx and the stupid and indifferent abuse at 
Central Park. The managers of the Bronx institution 
may not reasonably expect newspaper editors and the 
public always to use the full title, New York Zoological 
Park, for time is precious and it is much quicker and 
easier to write or say zoo ; but they may reasonably de- 
mand public recognition and appreciation of those im- 
proved conditions and conduct which distinguish the park 
from the zoo. 
Putting aside altogether any humane considerations, it 
cannot be questioned that the obser\^ation of wild animals 
under the Zoological Park conditions is much more agree- 
able and profitable than the contemplation of them in the 
cages and pens of a zoo. At Bronx Park students of 
natural history have splendid opportunities for study ; and 
there is so much of wild life — ^and natural wild life— -on 
show there that a visit to the park may be made both 
enjoyable and instructive and profitable. 
SNAP SHOTS. 
Judging from the inquiries received at this office, we in- 
fer that there is a general uncertainty respecting the privi- 
leges of non-resident shooters and fishermen in the State 
of New York. The practice of Canadians who crossed the 
boundary waters for shooting and fishing on the New 
York side, when if a New York sportsman visited the 
Canadian side he was required to pay a license fee, natu- 
rally aroused a spirit of retaliation, and the Legislature 
v/as asked to adopt a law providing that a non-resident 
niight not fish or shqpt on boundgrjr waters within th§ 
jurisdiction of the State except upon payment of a license 
fee equivalent to that which was exacted of New York 
sportsmen in the State or country from which the visiting 
non-resident had come. The measure was locally pro- 
tective and. retaliatory, Subsequently, at the last ses- 
sion, the scope of this law was widened, to apply to the 
entire State, and the provision was made that nowhere in 
New York might a non-resident shoot or fish, if such 
non-resident came from a State or Province which ex- 
. acted a license, except upon payment of a license fee 
.corresponding with the fee his home State or Province 
took from visiting New York sportsmen. The only excep- 
ition was in favor of iion-residents who hold real estate in 
.New York. If then any non-resident shooter or angler 
:is.in doubt whether he must take out a license for shoot- 
iriig or fishing in New York, he may resolve his doubt by 
Iteming whether his own State or Province exacts a 
jnon-resident license. 
Herman Schmidt, a Maryland farmer, having read in 
a foreign paper that wood properly prepared would make 
: good animal food, is putting the plan into practical opera- 
tion. The theory is that "animals have a decided liking 
for young shoots, roots or shrubs, tree bark and other 
heavy food of the same nature, and experiments have 
proved that the nutriment contained in such-growtli re- 
mains in it even after it has become wood, and that with 
,a little salt and water added to it the sawdust will prove 
ito be a highly nourishing diet. Pine, birch, alder, beech, 
walnut and other woods have been analyzed chemically, 
:and;fhe wood has vastly more albumen, nitrogen and fatty 
ssiibstances than straw." If the Schmidt live stock does 
;nat succumb under the treatment, we shall have here 
ifhe solution of the economic disposal of the sawdust 
nvhich plagues so many fishing waters, and grateful 
-anglers will inscribe tlie name of Plerman Schmidt on a 
imonunient more enduring than bronze. 
It is the opinion of certain Adirondack dwellers that 
the abolition of deer hounding has largely increased the 
list of hunting ca.sual±ies by which human beings are shot 
by mistake for game. The reasoning which leads to this 
conclusion is that sportsmen have taken to still-hunting 
.and jacking, in Ibatli of which pursuits there is much 
ffiring by novices at objects not clearly determined to be 
^deer, with a resulting frequency of shooting at human 
wictirms. It may be said in reply to this that jacking also 
its prohibited by the law, but as a matter of fact it is ex- 
tosively and continuously practiced. An interesting and 
iinstrttctive comparison might be instituted to determine 
the relative human mortality in those sections of the 
NoTitli Woods where deer are hounded and where they 
are Tiot hounded. If the districts where the hounding 
law is violated show fewer man killings than do the other 
idisti-icts where hounds are not now employed, that fact 
wmild be significant. 
Another victim has fallen before the imperfect aim of 
tlie variety show William Tell. This time it was at Cold 
Spring Harbor, Long Island, where a fatuous grocery 
clerk posed for a traveling vendor of patent medicines. 
The reports say that the showman who fired the fatal 
shot has been performing the act for years. That is only 
to say that he should have been in jail long ago. These 
dangerous stage feats should be forbidden by law. There 
will always be found foolish creatures ready to stand up 
before the show marksman; they should be protected 
against their own foolishness. A preventive statute to 
this end is worth much more to the community than the 
findings of coroners' juries after the event. 
Those Massachusetts deputies who lay in wait for the 
capture of a partridge snarer exhibited the resolution and 
endurance popularly attributed to the duck hunter or the 
seeker after moose or deer trophies. The Fish and Game 
Commission and its executive agents are demonstrating 
the admirable results which follow the enforcement of 
the law by actually going after the poachers. Under the 
control and inspiration of Commissioner Collins game and 
fish protection means something in Massachusetts. It is 
a pleasure to record such a piece of detective work as 
that wlii^ is chronicled in our shooting Qolumns tc!-day. 
FOREST SCHOOLS, 
The recent extraordinary awakening of this country to 
the importance of forestry promises much for the future 
or this science and the industries which depend on it. 
In no way is this awakening more interestingly shown 
than by the establishment in various States of schools 
devoted entirely tO! the instruction of young men in vari' 
ous branches of forestry work. Many of these schools arc; 
admirably equipped, and all are in charge of excellent, 
m.en. 
The Yale Forest School, under the direction of Prof, 
Henry S. Graves, has recently been equipped with a new 
wood-testing laboratory, has a botanical laboratory and 
herbarium, and a wood lot of 400 acres ; the whole giving 
a very complete equipment. The attendance this year will 
bo between thirty-five and forty, and the force of instruc' 
tors has been increased by two. 
The New York State College of Forestry, under the 
direction of Prof, B. E. Fernow, will have seventy stu- 
dents this year, of which thirty are old and forty new. 
Eleven of these are graduates of different colleges and 
universities. Among the special students are one from 
the Philippine Islands and one from Austria. 
North Carolina has its forest school, under the direction 
of Dr. Schenck, on the estate of Mr. George Vander- 
bilt, at Biltmore. A new building devoted to the forest 
department of the Biltmore estate, as well as to the Bilt- 
more school, has been recently completed. Mr. Ernest 
Bruncken, of Milwaukee, Wis., formerly Secretary of the 
Wisconsin Forest Commission, has been added to the staff 
of instructors at Biltmore. It will be remembered that 
last spring Dr. Schenck took a party of seven students 
from Biltmore through the forests of Germany and 
Austria. 
A forest school has been established at the University 
of Nebraska, and has been put in charge of Dr. Chas. E. 
Bessey, so well known as a botanist and a student of 
forest matters. Although just starting, it is not to be 
doubted that the interest here will grow rapidly. 
In Michigan, one of the greatest of lumbering States, 
forest schools have been started in the University of 
Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and at the Michigan Agricultural 
College at Lansing, The course at Ann Arbor is open 
only tO' students who have received a bachelor's degree 
from some college or university, and covers two years', 
work in forestry. 
Meantime the Bureau of Forestry in Washington is do- 
ing all in its power to arounse interest in forestry all 
over the country, and to make easy the planting and cul- 
ture of forest trees, as well as the protection of forests 
already in existence; while the New York Forest, Fish 
and Game Commission has determined to establish a 
State nursery for the propagation of seedling trees, which 
are to be used in reforesting areas in the State forest 
reserves which have been swept bare of their timber. 
All these are encouraging signs of the times, and taken 
in connection with the constantly growing interest in irri- 
gation, promise much for the future. Meantime, how- 
ever, it is to be said that the care of the forest reserva- 
tions in the West leaves very much to be desired, and, in 
fact, in some localities is reported to be deplorably 
' neglectful, 
A RECORD OF THE OLD MISSO URI 
A FEW years ago there was picked up, about three miles 
v/est of Mandan, North Dakota, by a party of surfacers 
on the Northern Pacific Railroad, a fragment of clay 
rock, on which had been scratched a number of names. 
The stone is yellowish brown in color, about 7^ inches 
long by 5 inches at its widest part, by 1^2 inches in thick- 
ness. It is too hard to be scratched by the finger nail, but 
soft enough to be readily cut by a knife. It appears to be a 
river-worn boulder, quite smooth on one side, but a little 
weathered and roughened on the other, which has ap- 
parently been uppermost in running water, and so is pitted' 
and roughened by the impact of small stones and par- 
ticles of gravel passing over it for a long time. As seei^ 
in the engraving, fragments have been knocked from the 
surface in several places, leaving smooth faces, whic'h 
bear the interesting marks. 
On the sn^poth surfaces, which have be^n apparently 
protected from wear, are engraved a number of names: 
"H, C. Dent, Ind."; "Shrope, 1849"; "Clark," "Bennett." 
"Mooney, Mo." I "D. Russell, ^. Y." ; "Hedden," "Nq^. 
