Nov. I, 1902.] 
FOREST AND STREAM 
339 
The Pjissingr of Authorities. 
The position of authority, once attained, would seem to be easy 
to hold. Time and the world's progress, however, are destructive 
to autliorities. The authority, venerated in one age, may be a 
source of merriment in the next age. This is particularly true of 
the authorities on guns. In the short period of half a century there 
have been several quite distinct stages of evolution concerning 
them. 
The work- of Col. Hawker, bearing the modest title "Instructions 
to Young Sportsmen in All that Relates to Guns and Shootnig, 
was considered a masterpiece of sound knowledge for years after 
its publication in 1830. The author of it, in recognition of its 
intrinsic merit, dedicated it as follows: "To His Most Excellent 
Majesty, William the Fourtli. This attempt to instruct the rising 
generation in an art for which we have long been the first nation 
in the world, and an exercise acknowledged as being calculated to 
invigorate us for the service of our King and country, is with 
gracious permission most respectfully dedicated by His Majesty's 
ever dutiful senant and loyal subject, Peter Hawker." 
Although written at a period of time within the remembrance 
of men now living, the quaint style of it and the obsolete ideas 
would seem to place it back in past centuries. The queer views 
and technical vagaries presented as exact knowledge will be in- 
teresting reading now, in comparison with the exact knowledge 
of our own times. Following are some excerpts: 
The gunmakers, in sliort, remain again as 1 left them— like the 
frogs, witliout a king; and as before, complaining bitterly about 
the dullness of trade. But for this, they have to thank their m- 
troduction of the detonating system, by which they got caught 
themselves in the very trap that was laid for their customers. 
When flint guns were the order of the day few s.porting gentlemen 
of distinctio'n ever thought of using anything but the gun of a 
first rate maker, for the simple rsason that on the goodness of the 
work depended the quickness in firing, and consequently the 
filling of the bag. But nowadays every common fellow in a market 
town can detonate an old musket and make it shoot as quick as 
can be wished; insomuch that all scientific calculations ui shoot- 
ing, at moderate distances, are now so simplified that we every 
dav meet with jackanapes apprentice boys who can shoot flying 
and knock their eisht birds out of ten. Formerly shooting re- 
quired art and nerve; now for tolerable shooting (at all events 
for the use of one barrel) nerve alone is sufficient. Formerly a 
first rate gun was a sine qua non; now the most that we can call 
it is a desideratum; since all guns are now made to fire with nearly 
equal velocity. .Still, however, fortunately for the leading gun- 
makers, there are vet left many requisites which induce good 
sportsmen, though a much smaller number than formerly, to go 
to the heads of the trade: viz., (1) soundness and perfect safety 
in guns; (2) the barrels being coiTectly put together for accurate 
shooting; (3) the elevation being mathematically true, and raised 
strictly in proportion to the length of the barrel; and (1) the stock 
being properlt cast off to the eye and well fitted to the hand and 
shoulder, I sav nothing of the balance, because any good car- 
penter with some lead and ^ center bit can regulate this to the 
shooter's fancy. 
Within the few years the detonaters have been much improved 
in shooting in consequence of their being bored differently from 
flint guns. They now detain the shot longer in the barrel m order 
that the powder may have time to kindle, which is done to such 
a degree as to occasion an increase of recoil, and a liability to be- 
come "leaded" with much firing. Many waddings have been in- 
vented to counteract this, and I shall hereafter speak of them m 
another part of the book, as they have their merits; but still 
none of them will make a detonatcr of equal weight with, shoot 
quite as strong and regular as a flint gun. Though, like the rest 
of the sporting world, I have long been kidnapped into the con- 
stant use of detonaters, still I have no reason to alter the opinion 
I gave in 1822; and were my time to come over again, 1 might 
probably be content with the flint, though I have of course, as 
every one does, shot more accurately and missed fewer quick shots 
with the detonater. 
For example: how is the barrel made to throw shot very closer 
By a too long continued relief forward without a proportional open- 
ing behind; this (from a want of that impetus or friction winch 
the shot receive while passing through the cylindrical part of the 
caliber) makes the gun shoot so slow, that the sportsman often 
fires behind his game, and of course so weak, though well 
directed, that instead of his birds dying in the air, they are brought 
down in a slovenly manner, and half of them escape being bagged, 
although their skins mav be filled with shot enough to make a 
brilliant display at a single sheet of paper 
Many are apt to suppose that if a bird, killed by a long shot, 
has been struck with four or five pellets, their gun will always tie 
certain of doing execution at the same distance if properly directed. 
But so far is this from being the case that it may proceed from 
the barrel throwning the grains in patches, and therefore being 
liable to let even fair shots escape through an interval. . 
Indeed the effect of this mode of boring might be equally well 
produced by wetting the shot, or loading with very little powder, 
and elevating so as for nearly all the shot to drop into the mark 
(a common trick when an old hand ^vlshes to sell a gun to a 
Cockney or win the Christmas prize at an ale house by shooting at 
a mark). But enough of impertections; and now for what a barrel 
''"\Vith*°the^' common-sized guns, which are now made for t.he 
sports of the field, the usual mode of boring is to leave a cylinder 
for about three-fourths of the barrel (always taking care in a 
flint t'un but not in a detonater to preserve a little tightness or 
contraction just where the shot first moves), and let the remaining 
part of the caliber be gradually relieved to the muzzle, hor in- 
instance. suppose a barrel to be two feet eight inches long we 
would say (beginning at the breech end) about six inches tight 
(if for a flint); twenty-one inches a cylinder, and the remaining 
five inches relieved to the muzzle. All this must be done with 
the most delicate possible gradation, and in so, snia 1 a degree 
that even some gunmakers can scarcely drscover it. How natura 
then is it that nianv sporting authors should be so far deceived 
as to fancy the best guns are bored a true cylinder to the very 
muzzle, and therefore argue m its favor! This relief has the effect 
of making the gun shoot as close as it can do, compatibly with the 
strength and cpiickness required, which should, however, be m- 
ci cased as much as possible by the best constructed breechings. 
But with the new alteration for short detonaters, a mere cylinder 
or nearly so, with a few inches' relief forward, is now found to 
answer best, and therefore we require more weight of metal in order 
to^ease the recoil of a charge that is longer detained in the bar- 
rel Thus the detonating system simplifies the boring to the whole 
trade as well as the art of killing to the shooter, With longer and 
heavier guns we mav take still further advantage, and have .a 
lillle opening behind.' All this relief must be given m a very 
triflinc degree because, should the barrel be too much opened m 
anv pai-t, it would admit of the powder escaping between the 
wadding and the sides of the caliber, by which the shooting of the 
gun would be rendered weak. For this reason, I should object to 
having a hole through Uie wadding that covers the powder, which 
mpnv do to prevent, as they think, the confined air from resist- 
ing the ramrod, which it rarely .flo^s xilitil after you have p«t in 
the second wadding. . , , , , ^,^11 ^ 
For a duck gun or piece of any considerable length, the barrel 
should be bored so as to feel more and m.ore tight on ramming 
down the wadding, particularly on coming just above where the 
shot Hes and with a very little opening from where the shot lies 
down to 'the breeching. This you wull perceicc by a relief to the 
ramrod just before the wadding reaches the powder. If, however, 
the (run is very long vou mav then of course have the barrel further 
onened behind, in iiroportion to the length, and thereby give 
more force to the powder, which will enable you with propriety 
to extend the relief forward, and by that means get close shooting 
combined with strength. This is the reason why long barrels inay 
he made to shoot further than short ones. , thus the shot has 
friction by being forced through the cylinder, and is then gradu- 
allv relieved all the way in going out, and this more in proportion 
asain as the .shot leaves the muzzle. In a word, the shot should 
receive all the force of the powder while tight in the barrel, and 
then as before observed, go easier and easier all the way out o 
it This mode of boring is the best calculated for large wildfowl 
Bi'ms because the first friction makes them shoot strong (by means 
of "i'ving due time to burn the powder.), and yet with as much 
" as anv caliber that can be made to answer that purpose. 
a oerfect cylinder, and therefore proving the absurdity of those 
arguments which are all grounded upon this mistake. W ere a gun 
h-irrel bored a true cylinder from end to end, it might shoot nearly, 
or nuite as well if two feet long as one of greater length, because 
1 sunerffuitv of what mav be strictly called lateral pressure would 
ilo more harm than good, bv checking instead of assisting the force 
of the charge. But to these two feet of cylinder let me add some 
«iore caliber and that to consist pi proper opening and relief, and 
then shoot the guns for a wager, and see how those new discov- 
ery gentlemen would come ofl' who have been holding forth to the 
public such nonsense in favor of short guns. 
Cannons are bored a cylinder, because they are generally used 
for firing hall, and therefore may be short; but how have they 
always thrown loose shot? Why, most miserably, till General 
Shrainiell invented his admirable shells that keep the charge to- 
gether for a second explosion, which takes place a little before the 
shot has reached the object. It is one thing to speak of things 
plausibly, another to state them correctly. 
In the following schedule 1 have taken three of the larg^est-sized 
guns, because a little sporting gun is on so small a scale, that 
although the relief may be felt in a moment by passing a proper 
gauge of lead through the caliber, yet the barrel is so diminutive 
that it \yould be difficult to measure and specifiy the exact depth 
of this relief. 
N. B. — If any gunmaker had candidly informed me as to his 
mode of -boring barrels, I should have felt myself bound in honor 
never to divulge much less to publish the secret. But as the little 
knowledge i possess has been acquired by my own discovery, and 
proved by experiments to be correct, it becomes my own property, 
and as such therefore I have no further hesitation in presenting it 
to my readers. 
A SINGLE SWIVEL GUN. 
Barrel made by Fullerd; average of bore IY2 inches; weight of 
barrel, 62 pounds: Cylinder, 3ft. Sin. ; relief, -Ift. lin.; opened behind, 
6M;in. ; total (exclusive of plug), 7ft. 3V^in. 
Depth of Cut.- Relieved to the 20th of an inch; opened behiml 
to the 24th of an inch. 
MY NEW DOUBLE SWIVEL GUN (wEIGHT, I93 POUNDS). 
Barrels by Fullerd: Cylinder, 2ft. 9in. ; relief, 4ft. 2in.; opened 
behind, 1ft. Sin.; total (exclusive of plugs), Sft. 2in. 
Depth of Cut. — The bore in cylinder, VA'n- all but a 32d; relief 
forward li/gin. and a .^2d (a Ifith difl'erence), and cut rather less 
deep behind than at the muzzle. 
A SINGLE STANCHION GUN. 
Barrel, 691bs. (made in Birmingham); cylinder, 2ft. Tin.; relief, 
4[t. 4in.; opened behind, lOin.; total 7ft. 9in. 
Depth of Cut. — Cylinder, l%,m. barely; relief, P/im, aud a 16lh; 
opened behind, U/iin. and a 32d. 
A SINGLE GUN. 
(Musket bore and the average weight of a musket.) Cylinder, 
1ft. 10%in.; relief, 1ft.; opened behind, 7i/jiu- ; total, 3ft. (iin. 
A COMMON I4-GAUGE DOUBLE GUN. 
(Weight altogether, 8'/zlbs. ; barrels by Lancaster.) Cylinder, Ififc, 
9in. ; relief, 5in.; tight behind, 6in. ; total 2ft, Sin. 
Q. — Why is the common sporting gun tight behind, w'hen the 
other guns are opened behind ? 
A. — Because a sporting gun requires to be fired so many limes 
in a day that we must adopt an inferior mode of getting friction 
in order to prevent the barrel from becoming leaded; and there- 
fore to make it shoot, through the whole day, nearly as well_ as 
when clean, and without recoil to the shoulder. Again, a sporting 
gim must of necessity be short for the convenience of covert and 
snap-shooting, and therefore the length that would properly suit 
that relief which must follow an opening behind (in order to pre- 
vent recoil and preserve close shooting) would be generally ob- 
jected to as an inconvenience. 
[Here I allude only to flint guns, as a detonater must, in a, 
great degree, be debarred from this advantage, because if too 
tight behind, without any subsequent check, the powder would be 
blown away so quick as not to be half kindled. This is the new 
discovery in boring for detonaters, which I before alluded to, 
and which has probably saved them from being wholly abandoned. J 
O. — Suppose, then, you were to have your ll-gauge barrels Sft. 
lOin., how would you dispose of the extra lengtli? 
A.^I would have Tin. of relief instead of bin., by which ni-j( -slipt 
would be thrown equally strong and decidedly closer. 
Gunmakers, who know their business, from their calibers more 
or less, according to circumstances, on the plans already .stated, 
except those of rifles .-ind guns for firing ball, which must be 
regularly tighter all the wa.y out, as with these we have no reason 
to feaiv the want of strength or the risk of recoil, and the only 
object is to kecfi the ball in the straightest possible direction and 
regulate the barrel to the most accurate line of aim. This should 
be done by having the gun of the utmost length that can be used, 
and steadied by immense sub.^ance and weight of metal. 
While speaking of rifles, I must not omit to mention two of the 
finest pieces of mechanism of the present age — Mr. Purdey's double 
rifles, and Mr. Lancaster's newly invented machine for rifling 
barrels. But to say wiiat is here due to these excellent artists 
might lead me into a detail that would exceed my intended limits. 
I must, however, not omit to mention that there are just now 
invented new two-groove rifles, which are likely to supersede all 
others. Lancaster and Wm. Moore have already done wonders 
with them. 
The further the sight at the breech is placed from that near the 
muzzle the more accurate of course must be the line of aim, and 
the heavier the gun the more likely you will be to preserve it in 
firing. 
With regard to having a barrel too far opened forward, when 
left with mere cylinder behind, and the various tricks that are 
played to ease the explosion, for the sole purpose of throwing 
the shot as close as possible, it will be needless to trespass on 
the reader's patience. 
Though a barrel, bored as before mentioned, will not shoot 
quite so close as it might be made to do, yet, taking everything 
into consideration, it has the tenfold advantage of doing justice 
to a good shot, and even assisting a bad one, by the irresistible 
force given, not only to the body of the charge, but also to the 
pellels which fly wide of the mark. Let the sportsman, therefore, 
rest assured that a gun which will shoot sufficiently close a sur- 
face to insure two or three shot (of No. T at 40yds.) taking the body 
of a bird, and at the same time distribute them in a regular man- 
ner, is better than a very close shooting gun. It was formerly 
the custom to make barrels, although so small as 14, 16, or even 22 in 
the gauge of three or four feet in length, and now since it has been 
ascertained that 2ft. Bin. will shoot equally well at the short dis- 
tance of a gunniaker's confined premises, many have gone too 
much to the other extreme and cut them to 2ft. 4in. and less. The 
disadvantage of this is that even the best shots are more liable 
to miss, for, although wc allow that a short gun at a short distance 
will kill as well as a long one, yet the latter gives you a more 
accurate aim, and considerably lessens the recoil, by which you 
shoot to a greater nicety and with more steadiness. To avoid all 
extremes I should recommend small barrels, never less than 2ft. 
Sin. nor more than Sft. in length. My readers will observe that 
my remarks here have been altered since publishing my earlier 
editions. The late Mr. .Toseph Manton, who knew at all events as 
much as, if not more than, any man in Europe about a gun, as- 
sured me after innumerable experiments he has proved that 2ft. 
Sin. for a 22-gaUge barrel is the best proportion for a sporting gun. 
Take, therefore, a 14-gauge barrel and see whether or not I am 
right for recommending one of 2ft. lOin., and Sft. where it can he 
used without inconvenience! But mind one grand point — have 
plenty of metal near the breech end, not only for strong shooting, 
but for good elevation. Let all barrels be tapered like a bulru.sh — ■ 
no hollowing out, as this ruins their shooting. 
It may be thought a bold assertion, but I have every rea.son to 
believe that we have all, to this very day, been completely in tbe 
dark about the length of guns. Mr. Daniel (speaking of a duck 
gun) said that a barrel Sft. Sin. is "as capable, or more so, of 
throwing shot sharp and distant as a barrel 2ft, longer." In ray 
second edition (deceived in the same manner that all the gun- 
makers have been, by not having made their trials on a suffi- 
ciently large scale), I gave it as an opinion that except the aim 
being belter and the recoil less a long gun had no advantage over 
a short one. On the. contrary, I have now proved that a short gun 
has no chance with a long one, in keeping the shot well together 
at long distances. 
The experiment must not b,e tried with little pop guns that are 
used for pigeons and partridges, but by guns on a gigantic scale, 
by which we can make every observation in the clearest possible 
manner, with the .same advantage that an astronomer, with his large 
telescope has over_the naked eye, or diminutive glass in discover- 
ing a planet. 
T had once made up my mind that a barrel, of whatever size it 
might be, would kill the furthest if made forty-eight times the 
diameter of the intended caliber, and entered in the manuscripts 
for my third edition some observations to that eft'ect. But had they 
gone to the press, I should have been open to the criticism of 
every good experimentalist, for I have since discovered that the 
larger the gun the longer it must be in proportion, because the 
further the shot has to travel the greater the resistance of the 
atmosphere. In addition to my own experiments, I am indebted 
for the perusal of several observations (which corroborate my 
opinion on them) to that excellent engineer. General Shrapneli, 
of the Royal Artillery. I shall, therefore, say no more by way of 
argument, but lay before my readers one of fhe elfiSfest proofs^ 
selected from the number I have made: , . 
Trial, taking the average of several shots, at twenty sheets oj 
thickest paper, at a target placed in the middle of a sheet d 
water, in order that all bystanders may see fair play as to correet 
shooting : 
Distance, 90yds.; .sbot, BB, 
A best finished London duck guri; weiglit of the barfal, 591bSi;' 
bore. l%\n.: length, 5fi. Sin,: Nuiiib'er Of grains tn first sheet, 26;- 
in twelfth sheet, 10; in twentieth sheet, 8. 
A Birmingham gun, weight of barrel, 691bs.'; bote,. length,. 
Tft. 9in.: Number of graills in first sheet, •50'; iti IwelftM sheet, 35$ 
in twentieth sheet, 22. . 
1 then' sent iny gun to the late Mr. Dur.^ Egg,- desiriiiig him ia 
get the same barrel forged by Fullerd 1ft. lOin. longer; making it 
Tft. 6in.; and by means of unavoidably being obliged to fedittce ihd 
metal after joining it, the barrel when sent home was sea'reely 
31bp. heavier than before. I then shot tlie gun about twerity 
rounds and the average was: Number of grains in first sheet, i&i 
in twelfth sheet, .30; in twentieth sheet, 20, by which it evidently 
appeared to me that if the metal is disposed of in length, it has 
the advantage over a short, thick gun. 
From having lOlbs. more weight of metal, however, _ the Bir- 
mitigham gun still had rather the advantage, because it carried 
IToz. pleasanter than the other carried 15. 
Substance and length, tfierefore, are what we wail); iti as gtcat 
a degree as can be used without inconvenience,- 
For instance, Are a 14-gai.ige sporting gun 2ft. 8in., or forty-' 
four diameters, -at a gunmaker s iron door, against one of Sft., an4 
there will probably be no difference. But go out iti an open ftelrf,. 
and particularly on a windy dajr, with the 2ft. Sin. barrel, and try 
it at 60yds., and after the shot have gone about two-tJilirds of th& 
distance, they will begin to open in oblique directions, ijvhufe thtf 
Sft. barrels keeps the shot together. For instance, take a f*innel 
(or a paper cut triangularly like one) 4in. in diameter, pin iip S 
slieet of brown paper, and stand at three or four yards from ifi 
Then look along cither edge of the funnel, and you see how very 
wide a cylinder thus relieved carries the outer parts of its circle 
beyond the paper. Then take a funnel of the same diameter Sin. 
deep, and you will see how much more of the funnel is filled with 
the paper. • 
Now, as guns must be relieved in order to shoot well, I take 
all this in the extreme, the more clearly to demonstrate why 
length has the advantage at long distances. But, on the othe!" 
hand, go almost close to the paper, the short funnel will lay thef 
whole of its circle within it, and the long one can do no tfiOTCf 
and thcrclore, at this distance you give no trial. So it is with 
. barrels that are tried in a gunmakcr's yard, and at the usual (Jis- 
-tanccs. Moreover, the extreme friction that is absolutely required! 
to send a charge strong has the effect of scattering and recoiling 
so much in a short barrel that a certain sacrifice of power must 
be made. But in a long barrel, which admits of greatly increasing 
the relief, the shot are kejit without any sudden check so long 
together, after this violent concussion, that wc are enabled to 
combine both strength and closeness in the most powerful degree; 
and this, together with (ess recoil and a better aim. We have 
therefore been half a century making, as it were, the tour of the 
world in guns, and at last come home again, to discover that in 
regard to the length of barrels, we were not so near the mark as 
our grandfathers! 
My. Durs Egg, in opposition to the Whole trade, and alf the 
sportsmen, weathered the storm and always maintained the same 
opinion. We all laughed at him, but before he died it was his turn 
to laugli at us, as he could with justice say that, on this point, he 
knew more than all of us put together! 
Be cautious, therefore, of shortening an old barrel that shoots 
well, and recollect also 1 hat. if m.u!:h ol the Jengtlt is taken ad 
you alter the relief. " 
.As a gun which is top heavy is inimical to quick shooting, the 
usual plan, unless the barrels are verj' short, is to make them 
"light forward"; that is, thin toward the muzzle. This T conceive 
to be bad, as a barrel which is everywhere tolerably stout is not 
:?o liable to expansion, and consequently will shoot stronger and 
last many more years than one which is rendered so by being in 
any pari loo thin. A gun thus substantial can always be made to 
mount well by being properly balanced with lead under the heel- 
plate, which W'ill be far more convenient and neat m appearance 
than a huge piece of wood for the butt, and will thus admit of the 
stock being made light and elegant. 
In choosing the size of a caliber it may be considered that a 14- 
gauge is at all events the best for a bungler, and on the whole, the 
most destructive gun. But, with a very accurate shot, the size is 
not of so much consequence for killing game, as the necessary 
substance to prevent the recoil of a large bore cannot be brought 
to bear so quick as a somewhat lighter gun; and therefore, what is 
gained by weight of metal might be lost in time, 
Sistetsville Gun Club. 
SiSTERsviLLE, W. 'Va., Oct 23. — ^The fall tournament of the' 
Sistersville Gun Club was held Oct. 21 and 22, at Sistersville, W. 
Va., and w-e are very glad to be able to report that the affair was 
quite a success from start to finish. The attendance was not what 
was desired or expected, but those present had a very enjoyable 
time. Two more perfect days for the shoot could not have been 
made to order. Bluerock targets were thrown from a magautrap, 
aud those present were very much pleased at the manner in which 
the trap did its work, but few targets being broken by the trap 
durin.g the two days. Mr. .1. T. Atkinson, of New Castle, Pa., 
carried off the honors for the entire programme by breaking 37S 
targets out of the 400. Mr. John F. Mallory, of Parkersburg, was 
close at his heels with 377. On the first day, Mr. Atkinson was 
high with 192 out of tbe 200, but Mr. john F. Mallory gained a lap 
or two on the second day by duplicating the performance. The 
following are the scores: 
Shot at. Broke. 
J T .\tkinson. , . 
...400 
378 
T_ F Mallory 
...400 
377 
400 
352 
Cole 
400 
341 
S T Mallory 
400 
338 
C T Mowery.... 
. 400 
338 
. 400 
336 
Shot at. Broke. 
C I .Hall 
...400 
330 
T M Speary 
...200 
185 
T S Bibbee,,., 
, , , 200 
181 
175 
1' Schlicher, Tr.. 
...20O 
170 
H Murkle 
. ..200 
167 
The Trade was represented by Mr, Walter Annette, Avho was 
goon enough to act as cashier, and too much cannot be .said for the 
very satisfactory manner in which be did his work. We take off 
our hat to you, Mr. .\nnette, and when we have another tourna- 
ment he may expect an invitation to fill the same old job. 
Leranzo, 
Good Sbots but "Wrong Targets, 
A CURIOUS light is thrown on the reports issued as to the brill- 
iant _ success with which the submarine torpedo war ships were 
credited in the recent maneuvers, by a dispute which is now in 
progress, and which .so far reveals the fact that the torpedoing of 
submarines is entirely a matter of imagination, not even dummy 
torpedoes being discharged. The rule laid down during the 
maneuvers was that if a submarine rose to the surface at a spot 
toward which the particular warship attacked did not have a gun 
aimed, the submarine could claim to have torpedoed the war ship. 
The officer in command of the submarines issued to each boat a 
bottle which, when floating in the water, was very similar in 
appearance to the sighting apparatus on the top of the submarine's 
conning tower. The bottles were allowed to rise during the 
maneuvers, Immediately one appeared the nearest war ship poured 
a heavy fire upon it, whereupon the submarine would rise on the 
other side of the war ship and claim to have sunk her. 
The officers on the war ships were highly indignant at the 
trick, and it is now proposed to have the maneuvers over again, 
the submarines to use dummy torpedoes with detonators at the 
nose, so that there shall be no mistake if a vessel is really struck. 
— Cherbourg Letter to the London Express, . 
» Mountainside Gun Club. 
West Orange, N. J., Oct. 25.— The Mountainside Guri Club held 
Its weekly shoot tQ-day. The programme consisted of six 10-target 
events as follows: 
First event: C. J. Ziegler 6, J. McQot;(Q.tigh 5, W. I^ollinson 5, 
K. O Gorman o. 
Second event: W, RoHiijsran 9, J* McDonoiigh 6. G. Kent 6 C. 
J. Ziegler 6, ■' 
Third event: W. Rollinson 9, R. O'Gornian 7 C J Ziegler 7 
Fourth event: J. McDonougii 9 C. J. Ziegler 7, \\^ ' Rollinson' 6. 
Fifth event--W. RoUmsan 8, C. J. Ziegler 8, R. O'Gorman 6 
J. McDoiiough 6. ' 
e ^^""'r^l Kent. 6. J. Ganlz 4 F. W, Bkmk 
6, A. W. Baldwin 6, C. J. Ziegler 6. 
The next shoot of the club will be held On Election Day when 
prizes will be contested ffjE. j, w 
