[Nov. 8, 1902. 
FOREST AND STREAM, 
870 
to be built for the Cup defense by the Herreshoff Mfg. 
Co., and that work on the boat had already begun. The 
following gentlemen make-up the syndicate that owns the 
new defender : Messrs. Elbert H. Gary, Clement A. 
Gri.scom James J. Hill, William B. Leeds, Norjnan B. 
Ream, William Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt,, Henry 
Walters and P. A. B. Widener. Mr. C. Oliver Iselin will 
be the managing owner of the new boat, and Capt. Charles 
Barr will be the skipper. Columbia will also be put in 
commission, as will Constitution. Capt. "Lem" Miller 
will sail Colmnbia, and she will be managed by Mr. E. D. 
Morgan. Capt. Urias Rhodes will again have charge of 
Constitution, and Capt. Norman B. Terry will assist him. 
The amendments to the measurement and racing rules 
that were adopted at the meeting held on Oct. 23, were 
also adopted. The new rules are now in force, and hold 
for five years. 
Resolutions of thanks were offered to the Eastern Y. C. 
by Vice-Corn. Bourne, and unanimously adopted, for the 
courtesies extended to the New York fleet when in Mar- 
blehead during the past summer. 
Rear-Corn! C. L. F. Robinson also offered a resolution 
of thanks to the Kaiserlicher Y. C, which was passed, for 
courtesies extended to members of the New York Y. C. 
Captains Anson Phelps Stokes, Lloyd Phoenix and 
Robert E. Tod. were appointed by Com. Ledyard to 
serve on a committee to arrange a club cruise to the West 
Indies during the winter season if found advisable. 
General Meeting of the Y. R. A. of Longf 
Island Sound. 
The October general meeting of the Yacht Racing As- 
sociation of Long Island Sound was held at the Arena, 
West Thirty-first street. New York city, on Frida}', Oct. 
3T. A committee of naval architects was appointed by 
the Association about a year ago to go into the question of 
measurement rules. This committee, which was made up 
of Messrs. B. B. Crowninshield. Clinton H. Crane and 
William Gardner, reported that the rule adopted by the 
Association last year had not proven satisfactory, and 
more time was given them to make a fuller report. The 
i)e\\^ measurement rule adopted by the New York Y. C. 
was discussed and action was postponed for. three weeks, 
when another meeting will be held. 
On motion, the chair was authorized to appoint a com- 
mittee to confer with the Larchmont Y. C. and the Massa- 
chusetts Y. R. A., as to the possibility of adopting a uni- 
form rule, this committee to report at the next meeting 
of the Association. 
Beside the delegates, there was present Messrs. Crown- 
inshield and Gardner, as members of the committee of 
designers ; Mr. Newbury Lawton, by invitation of the 
Executive Committee, for the purpose of explaining the 
' rule as adopted by the N. Y. Y. C. ; Mr. A. Bryan Alley, 
who informally represented the Lafxhmont Club, and 
Mr. J. F. Brophy, representing the Brooklyn Y. C. 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
The cruising yawl which is nearing completion at Port 
Jefferson, is for Mr. Charles R. Smith. She is 66ft, long 
over all. The yacht will be used in Southern waters this 
winter. 
At Amityville, Long Island, Frank Wicks is building 
for Mr. Fred B. Dalzell. of the Unqua-Corinthian Y. C. a 
racing catboat. She is 24ft. over all, 8ft. breadth and 2oin. 
draft. 
Countess Adeline Schimmelmann has sold her mission 
yacht, the Duen. or Dove, which has laid idle for some 
time at Manning's Basin. Brooklyn. The price was $600 
and the purchaser, a Philadelphia man, is having the 
noted vessel rebuilt into a house-boat. The two brass 
saluting guns and the 20ft. gasolene launch were not sold, 
and they are being put in readiness to be shipped to the 
Countess in Denmark. The sale was made through Henry 
"Endner, a spar maker, of Beard street. Countess Schim- 
melmann purchased the Duen from Prince Waldemar of 
Denmark in 1895. She was originally named the Tumbler 
and registered fifty-three tons. After becoming the prop- 
erty of the Countess, the yacht, in 1897, visited fifty-eight 
ports in Germany, Denmark, England, Sweden and Italy, 
distributing tracts. She also visited 652 ships on the 
san^ mission. With a crew of eight men, the Duen 
reached the Great Lakes and cruised there in 1898 with 
the owner on board. The Countess was nearly drowned 
while returning to shore on one occasion from a gospel 
meeting on the Duen. 
i/te ^mg^ mid ^ntterg. 
Rifle at Shell Moond. 
^ 'San Francisco, Cal., Oct. 27.— Yesterday was bullseye day at 
Shell Mound. The fight for annual cash prizes in the Germania 
3-shot contest is waxing warm, F. E. Mason leading by a few- 
points. .\ 72 does him no good. The count is: Best ten 3-shot 
scores. First prize, $60. Scores yesterday: 
At the San Francisco Schuetzen Verein, monthly bullseye shoot 
prizes were won in the following order: W. Appiarius 193, E. 
Doell 2&?,. August Papa 333, August Jungblut 453, John Utschig 522, 
O Burmeister 53S, August Goetze 568, Gustave Schulz 596, T. 
Gaefken 748 F. Brandt 768. F. P. Schuster 778, S. Heino 826. D. 
B Fak-tor 860, F. Rust 870. J. de Wit 981. Herman Huber 1006, 
T ■ C Waller 1041, Charles Oldag 1100, R. Stettin 1216, J. D. Heise 
1243 Henry Meyer 1248, A. Lemaire 1270, August Meyer 1336, E. 
Stelin 1556. 
Golden Gate Rifle and Pistol Club, pistol match, gold medal: 
T. Kullman 90. 
Handicap: J. Kullman, 90. 83, 81; Dr. D. Smith. 83, 84. 83, 81. 
Revolver handicap: .T. R. Trego, SS, 86, 85. 84, 80; Dr. D. Smith, 
80 77 77 
Rifle handicap match: G. Henderson, 220, 209; A. Gehret, 218; 
W. F. Blasse, 201. 
Gold and silver bars: G. Tammeyer, 215, 213, 208, 208; W. F. 
Bla-:se. 217, 214, 214, 201; M. Blasse, 206. 212, 209. 
Silver medal: G. Mitchell, 201, 188. 
Glindemann trophy: W. F. Blasse. 215. 
Germania Schuetzen Club, monthly bullseye shoot: F. E. Mason 
2T> \ Gehret 43.'). A. Goetze .540. John Utschig 630, August Tung- 
bUit 74(), S, Heino 9(10. F. P. Schuster 1162. 
Germania Scluietzen Club, monthly trophy contest: D. B. Faktor 
■■■••l Herman Huber 215. F. E. Mason 214. F. P. Schuster 213. 
i.mpetition shoot: A. Pape 72, F. E. Mason 71, N. Ahrens 70, 
, P Schuster 70. A. Gehret 70, A. Jungblut 68, D. B. Faktor 69. 
iNo'rddeutschet Schuetzen Club, monthly medal shoot: First 
champion class, F. P. Schuster, 429; second champion class, F. C, 
Rust, 401; first class, D. Salfield, 394; second class, John Lankenau, 
369: third class, Henrv Meyer, 369; fourth class, August F. Meyer, 
294; best first shot, 'Herman Huber, 24; best last shot, F.' P. 
Schuster, 22. Roeel. 
Cincinnati Rifle Association. 
CtNciNJfATi, (). — The following scores were made on Oct. 26 at 
200yds,. off-hand, Standard target. The members contested for 
trophies during the last six months, which consisted of medals 
for first, second and third class, and were won by the following 
members: Nestler, first class; Jonscher, second class, and Hofer, 
third class; 
Hasenzahl 91 88 84 84 84 Roberts SO 79 77 76 73 
Pavne 89 88 83 81 81 Lux 74 73 72 70 69 
Gindele 86 85 84 83 80 Hofman 74 73 71 70 70 
Nestler 84 82 78 78 77 Weinheimer 73 70 68 64 61 
Trounstine 84 82 76 73 70 Freitag 71 68 67 64 62 
OdeJl 83 81 SO 79 79 Topf 61 54 54 54 54 
Tonscher 82 80 78 77 74 Drube 76 
ilofer 81 77 77 76 73 Uckotter 71 
Fixtures* 
Nov. 27. — Ossining, N. Y. — Inter-county -seven-man team shoot 
and 100 target event tor cup emblematic of championship of West- 
chester county. 
Chicago, 111.— Garfield Gun Club's target shoot, every Saturday 
afternoon. Grounds, ^Vest Monroe street and Fifty-second avenue. 
Dr. J. AV. Meek, Sec'y. 
Fourth Tuesday of each month. Hell Gate Gun Club's shoot at 
Cutwater's Riverside grounds, Paterson Plank Road Carlstadt, 
N.J. 
Second Friday of each month (January and July excepted), shoot 
of Hell Gate Annex, at Dexter Park, Brooklyn. 
Saturdays, Brooklyn Gun Club's shoot, Enfield street, near 
Liberty avenue, Brooklyn. Visitors welcome. 
Saturdays, Newark, N. J., South Side Gun Club's shoots, South 
Broad street, near Lehigh Valley coal depot. 
Saturdays, Cutwater's grounds, Carlstadt, N. J., live bird han- 
dicaps. 
Interstate Park, Queens, L. I. — Two miles beyond Jamaica, on 
L. I. R. li. Trains direct to grounds. Completely appointed 
shooting grounds always ready for matches, club shoots or private 
practice. 
DRIVERS AND TWISTERS. 
The daily press recounts that. "Mr. George Page, the champion 
wing shot of Mercer county, N. J,, was defeated here to-day in a 
50-bird match by Mr. William VV'idman, of Trenton. Widman 
killed 49 birds straight, while Page succeeded in grounding but 41. 
This is the first live-bird shoot held here since last fall, when an 
effort was made to secure legislation against the pastime. The 
match was for $50 and the championship of the county." 
We publish a cut of the Florist Gun Club's club house, situated 
on the club's beautiful grounds at Wissinoming. Philadelphia. 
T.he_ club house is commodious and thoroughly equipped with every 
A Theory Concctningf Obstruction. 
I NOTICE that you have lately reopened the ve.xed question as to 
the causes of bulging or bursting guns. Many sportsmen, as yoU 
pointed out, believe that the air, imprisoned ijetween the moving 
shot and the obstruction near the muzzle, does the damage, while 
others are of opinion that the bulging effect is due to the wave 
action of the powder gases behind the moving shot. A single ex- 
periment will convince you and your readers that neither the 
in-.prisoned air apr the wave action is, an- essential agent in.'-tliis 
respect.. 
Take a 12-bore shotgun barrel and close it at the muzzle by an 
ordinary shot charge between two wads; behind this obstruction 
let the walls of the gun be pierced by three circular holes of 7 milli- 
meters (.276in.) diameter each, two of them close behind the wad- 
ding and diametrically opposite to each other, the third hole being 
ni:d\vay between, and lying a little more toward the breech.' These 
three holes serve to allow the compressed air to escape. About 
12 centimeters (4.7in.) further toward the breech make seven 
similar holes in the walls of the barrel, the whole area of these 
seven holes being about equal to that of the muzzle of the gun, so 
that nearly the same amount of gas may pass through these seven 
holes as ordinarily passes through the muzzle. 
Your readers will doubtless remember that in your number 2295 
of Dec. 19, 1896, page 997, an experiment was described relating 
to a 12-bore shotgun. In the cartridge case the shot was replaced 
by an accurately fitting piece of very hard wood about 6in. long, 
e.i.ch end of which was provided with a felt wad. If the above- 
mentioned perforated gun be loaded with a cartridge containing 
5 or 6 grammes (77 to 93 grains) of black powder and the peculiar 
wooden projectile, it is obvious that in firing the gun the air be- 
tween the projectile and the obstruction at the muzzle will be 
pressed out through the holes, and that the powder gases will 
begin to rush out through the rear set of holes as soon as the base 
of the projectile passes them. At the moment when the front part 
of the wooden projectile reaches the obstruction at the muzzle the 
air is driv^ out of the barrel, and a great part of the powder 
gases has also rushed out. Of course, the wooden projectile, after 
having passed the rear holes, does not receive anv further accel- 
eration, but the momentum it had attained is great enough to push 
it with such an amount of violence against the obstruction at the 
muzzle that the gun bursts at a point somewhat nearer to the 
muzzle than the backward wadding of the obstruction. 
I think that a single shot may be sufficient clearly to demon- 
strate that neither the air nor the powder gases behind can pro- 
duce this effect; but I may add that we here tried many experi- 
ments under varied conditions, always with the same effect— i. e., 
that in the case of the muzzle being obstructed by an ordinary 
shot charge between two wads, the muzzle end of the barrel was 
blown away in a length somewhat shorter than the ordinary length 
of the obstruction (sic). Instead of the piece of wood, we also 
tried other projectiles, such as cylindrical pieces of iron, etc. grad- 
gradually diminishing their weight. We found at last that four 
ordinary wads tightly compressed over the powder in the car- 
tridge case, without any other projectile, had force enough to 
burst the barrel in the expected manner, although the barrel was 
provided with the above-mentioned holes in the side walls. In all 
cases, the bursting of the barrel did not take place in the line of 
the circular holes close behind the obstruction, but a little more 
toward the muzzle, the holes themselves remaining uninjured. 
These experiments tend to prove that the bulging or bursting in 
the case of an obstruction at the muzzle consisting of a shot 
charge is due to the violent compression of this shot charge by 
the impact of the projectile pushing against it. The rear part of 
the obstructing shot charge is suddenly driven against the front 
part, w-hich latter still remains in rest. Before the front part has 
gained time to be set in motion, the rear end of the obstruction 
compressed between the front part and the projectile, is so tightly 
pressed against the walls of the gun that these give way, and must 
bulge or burst, as the case may be. 
To afford further, proof that the wave action of the powder gases 
has nothing to do with the bulging effect, we fastened in the 
THE FLORIST GUN CLUe's HOUSE. 
convenience for the members and Iheir guests. The club is one of 
the most active in .Aiinerica, and the club grounds have been the 
scene of many contests eminent in the annals of trapshooting. 
Mi: John S. Wright, manager of the Brooklyn Gun Club, has 
been knitting his brow of late, a habit which he exercises when in 
profound thought. He was thinking about trapshooting matters. 
He announces that he will give a Christmas Dav shoot at Inter- 
state Park, Long Island, the particulars of which will be published 
later. He says it will be arranged on popular lines. 
The contest for the championship of New Jersey, of which the 
E. C. cup is the emblem, terminated in favor oi tne holder \±i- 
Neaf Apgar, of Plainficld. N. J. The challenger was Mr. George 
H. Piercy, of Jersey City, a gentleman of skill and renown. The 
scores were: Apgar 46, Piercy 39. The weather conditions were 
unfavorable for I gh scores: 
n 
Mr. W. W. Marshall scored the first win on the November cup 
at the shoot of the Crescent Athletic Club, at Bay Ridge, L. I., 
last Saturday. With handicap allowance added, he scored 47. 
K 
At the shoot of the Hell Gate Gun Club, at Cutwater's grounds, 
Carlstadt, Oct. 28, Messrs. Peter Garms and P. Albert scored 
straight in the club event. 
•e 
At the Hillsboro (III.) Gun Club's tournament, Oct. 30, Mr. F. 
C. Riehl won high average, and Mr. W. Montgomery second 
high average. 
K 
On the grounds of the Fairfax (S. D.) Gun Club, C)ct. 29, Mr. J. 
F. Spatz. challenger, defeated Mr. Carl Porter, holdei". in a con- 
test for the Peters Cartridge Company trophy, emblematic of the 
tniget championship of tire.gory county. The scores were 41 and 37. 
On account of Tuesday, No. 4, being- Election Day, Forest and 
Stream went to press on Monday of this week. In conseciuence 
seieral coninuinications were necessarily left over. 
Bbrnako Waters. 
niuzzle a plug of soft iron of about 4 centimeters (1.6in.) long, and 
of a diameter rather less than the bore of the gun, by means of a 
steel nail going straight across through the walls of the barrel 
and through the iron plug. The walls of the barrel behind the iron 
plug were not perforated as in the former experiments. The car- 
tridge was loaded, in addition to the usual powder charge, with 
only two tight-fitting wads, without any other projectile. On 
firing the gun no loud report was heard', and the powder gases 
slowly escaped through the small space between the iron plug and 
the walls of the barrel. On examining the barrel we found that 
the steel nail successfully withstood the strain, the holes in the 
barrel being but slightly enlarged. A very slight bulge was to be 
seen, not behind the iron plug, as must have been the case if 
the wave action of the powder gases had produced the bulging, 
but on the rear part of the iron plug itself. Here a portion of the 
felt wads had been strongly compressed by the powder gases be- 
tween the iron plug and the walls, and under this compression of 
the felt the walls had given way. 
_ In repeating the same trial, but altering the conditions by load- 
ing the cartridge with a similar soft iron plug of a length of 4 
centimeters (1.6in.), the muzzle of the barrel was blown awav 
the bursting, however, did not take place behind the movable 
plug, but rather at a fore end of it, and the remaining parts of the 
barrel showed the greatest amount of bulging at the point where 
the movable plug had touched the rear end of the fastened plug 
flere the two ends of the plugs, and especially the fore end of the 
movable plug, clearly showed the beginning of what is known to 
all sportsmen as_ mushrooming of lead bullets when shot into 
sand, etc. By this action the diameter of the two plugs at their 
ends was so enlarged that bulging of the barrel must have been 
the result. No bulging was to be seen behind the movable plug 
It cannot be surprising that in all cases when we projected a 
commori shot charge against the fastened iron plug, the bursting 
occurred not behind the shot charge, but rather in the middle of 
It, where ,the greatest compression of the pellets took place The 
bulging or bursting effect may occur if any slight obstruction in 
the barrel suddenly checks the traveling shot. In this very usual 
case the rear part of the traveling shot is driven forward bv ' the 
powder gases, while the front part is suddenly slackened in i s 
motion, q he pellets of the shot, therefore, are tightly compressed 
together, the diameter of the shot charge becomei greatly ex- 
panded, and the walks of the gun give way before the increasing 
s rain.-Major Thiel (Manager of the Deutsche Versuchs-AnstaU 
-fur Handfeuerwaffen), in Field (London). ^risucns Anstal^ 
