480 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Dec 13, igoa. 
quired, it is forged in this form upon a properly shaped anvil; 
in rifles the barrels are welded from thiclcer ribands and welded 
upon smaller mandrels. 
Another method of making twist barrels is practiced in Bir- 
mingham, and may be shortly described. 
The iron is twisted in much the same way as that already 
described, but ^tcam power is used to turn the winch instead of 
hand power. The forge fires are blown by a steam faa instead 
of the old-fashioned bellows, and the welding is done by one 
man instead of three. This is accompanied by having a tilt- 
hammer close to the forge regulated to give sharp, quick, short 
blows, and capable of being thrown iu and out of gear with the 
foot. The welder is also provided with an anvil, swageSj man- 
drels, etc. \Mien he removes the coil from the fire, he has only 
to knock in a mandrel, straighten the coil on the anvil, jump it 
close by striking it on the floor in the usual manner, and place 
it under the tilt, reheating the coil, and repeating the process 
until the barrel is properly finished. The appearance of barrels 
so welded is not so good as that of those hammered by hand, 
but they are strong and sound, and on account of less care and 
labor being bestowed on their production, they are cheaper than 
hard-forged barrels. 
The latest method of making the plainer twist barrels is to 
treat the iron for twisting, and the coils, in a furnace instead of 
a breeze fire. The theory is that the metal is less liable to be 
burned, the heat being uniform and freedom from grays and 
faulty welds thereby insured. Experience does not fully bear 
out the theory. Possibly more can yet be done in this line 
toward producing a perfectly welded and clear barrel. 
Foreign Twfst Barrels. 
Damascus iron barrels are forged in Belgium and at other gun- 
making centers of the Continent by the same methods as prac- 
ticed in England. The chief difterence between English and 
foreign welded barrels exists in the quality of the materials; 
iron of local manufacture being that generally employed. An- 
other difference is that barrels of a smaller figure and barrels 
of fancy figures, already alluded to in the paragraph on iron- 
making, are frequently produced by French, Belgian, and Ger- 
man welders. . . 
Softness is the characteristic of Belgian ^ron; it is found in 
all their iron manufactures, and is particularly noticeable and 
objectionable in their barrels. The welders prefer the soft metal, 
as being easier to manipulate, welding more freely, and contain- 
ing fewer surface flaws than hard metal into the composition of 
which steel largely enters. There is, comparatively, little steel 
in the Belgian barrel; there are even barrels in which there is 
no steel, two different qualities of iron serving to produce -that 
distinction which is necessary to produce figure in the finirfied 
barrel. ■ ■ 
The barrel welders of Belgium are chiefly located at or near 
Liege. The very best barrel makers who manufacture for the 
London, Berlin and Vienna markets are to be found at Chaud- 
fontaine or Nessonvaux, both places a few miles from Liege. 
Their method of welding is much the same as that practiced by 
the best English welders, but they work at a smaller forge, and 
instead of breeze, use a mixture of coal dust and clay. The 
fires being much smaller, the barrels are heated only a few inches 
at a time, so that greater labor has to be bestowed upon their 
manufacture. 
The greatest care is taken to keep the amals and tools perfectly 
clean and free from scale, so that no foreign matter can get be- 
tween the coils and thus affect the soundness of the welds. 
The type of barrel which is peculiarly their own, is the fine 
figured or six-stripe Damascus; in this the figure is very minute, 
as shown in the illustration, and is produced in the followintr 
manner: The welders take thirty-two alternate bars of iron and 
steel, and have them rolled into a sheet three sixteenths of an 
inch in thickness ; the sheet is then split by a machine into 
square rods. These rods are then twisted after the method of 
the English welders already described, but to such an extent that 
the rods resemble the threads of a fine screw, there being as 
many as eighteen complete tnrns to the inch. Six of these rods 
are then welded to each other side by side and rolled into a 
riband, and the result is a figure so fine that it appears no larger 
thgn the eye of a needle, and requires special care in browning 
to obtain markings which can be distinguished. 
For these fine barrels and for some others the old plaii of weld- 
ing on a chemise is still in use. The other old plan of. plating or 
welding a thin coating of Damascus iron upon a barrel of plain 
iron has been abandoned, save for very heavj' barrels for duck 
guns, etc., which are still not infrequently welded of the cheaper 
scelp, or plain twist iron, then coated with fine figured iron. 
The regular Belgian barrel of commerce is the double-iron 
Damascus, "two-iron," or "Boston"— the same barrel, by which- 
e\er designation known. It differs from the English two-iron 
Damascus in showing fewer white or light-colored streaks,, and 
being usually of coarser figure, obtained by piling larger rods 
in the faggot and again not rolling them to so small a section 
as is the practice of the English masters. 
At St. Etienne in France, v.here a manufactory for sporting 
firearms was founded early in the fifteenth century, the Belgian 
models are followed and the iron of the district is soft and 
ductile. One plan much used in this district, but by no means 
original, is the forming of barrels of two twisted rods to one un- 
twisted; the appearance is that of a "barber's pole," a distinct 
broad stripe of straight-grained metal running spirally round the 
barrel from end to end between a broader band of curled 
Damascus figuring. 
The only centers at which Damascus barrels are made are, in 
addition to those already cited, Brescia in northern Italy, and 
Suhl in Prussia. 
Varieties and Qualities of Twist Barrels. 
In the foregoing descriptions of the methods of manufacturing 
twist barrels it is stated incidentally that some kinds are su- 
perior to others. The comparative strength of gun barrels and of 
the material emploj'ed in their manufacture, the merits and dis- 
advantages of chosen varieties, will be found stated in detail ■ 
later, but as the method of manufacture, as well as the material 
employed, affect the quality of the barrel, it is^advisable to state 
here that, so far as known, the strongest forged or twist barrel 
is the laminated steel now usually termed "stub Damascus," 
inade of three twisted rods to the riband. 
The word laminated, as the designation of a gun barrel, arose 
from the fact that early in The century thin strips, plates, or 
lamina; of steel, piled alternately with iron strips or plates, 
formed the composite metal from which they were made. They 
differ from Damascus in so far as the iron "and steel are differ- 
ently airanged in the pile, so that instead of a decided curl in 
the figure there is only what may be termed "herring bone" 
lines running spirally round the barrel from end to end. Techni- 
cally, laminated steel is a name metallurgists apply to faulty steel. 
It has been used in the gun b-ade for more than half a century 
in quite a different sense, as here stated. 
By rolling the rods too fine before twisting, by twisting too 
much, or by twisting to a degree the particular metal so treated 
will not bear, the material of the finished barrel is weakened. 
This, apart from any possible faults in the forming— -that is, 
welding and shaping— of the barrel itself. 
Over-twisting, over-heating, and the endeavor to produce a 
fine-looking barrel at a low price result in weakened material. 
In the twist barrel the iron and steel m.ust be so arranged that 
perfect welds may be easily made; and so disposed that the 
fibers of steel and iron intermingled shall support each other 
when the strain of the explosion has to be borne hy the barrel. 
Steel of the hardness— that is to say, steel as high in carbon— 
ernployed in the manufacture of Damascus iron would be too 
brittle to withstand the shock of the explosion if used alone; 
on the other hand, the iron alone would be too soft and the 
barrel would bulge. By combining the two metals in the best 
manner, so that neither loses its character, they together give to 
the twist barrel suflncient hardness to withstand bulging; suffi- 
cjent elasticity to insure that the barrel, after the expansion 
produced, by the force of the explosion, shall return to its pre- 
vious caliber, and that high tenacity which prevents the bursting 
of the barrel by the sudden shock. 
The mechanical structure of the twist barrel, not less than the 
purity of the metals employed, enhances the strength- 
Some barrels of good material may have their strength less- 
ened by faulty arrangement of that material, while barrels made 
of much inferior material will yet be stronger because of the 
better use_ made of that material by arranging it with iudement. 
36 far as ' can ■ be expla.fned, without too "greatly ihduTgtng' in' 
technical minutis, the best prooortions of iron and steel can be 
arranged to best advantage in what is known as' the three-iron 
Barrel; whether the iron be piled to give a curly figur.e when 
twisted, or to give , the plain, straight, short-lined figure' of 'the 
"laminat-ed" steel, is quite immaterial. . One is as .good as the 
other. Four-stripe barrels are not so good, unless ^the barrel is 
heavier, thicker and larger than ordinary, when of eoUrSe 'S point 
would be reached when the four-stripe would equal the other. 
In like manner titt- twti-striije ts infcriorj tMoiigh perhaps ribt'tb 
t}ig saane e(sfent. TiiB Belgktj ^•ffiasiite Iranw, s^xtsnm dit 
softness of the material of which they are made, are over-twisted. 
Many of the fancy-figured barrels are not improved by the man- 
ner in which the iron and steel are combined, but the reverse. 
The advantage claimed for the St. Etienne barrel, that by the 
combination of the Damascus with the plain twist greater tenacity 
in .bnth directions is obtainable, is yet to be proved, while the 
method is decidedly disadvantageous on other grounds. 
In the trials of barrels by the Birmingham Proof House— barrels 
of thirty-nine different varieties obtainable by the Birmingham 
trade— the first place is given to the group of English "laminated" 
steel barrels of three strips. The next best of the twist-barrel 
groups is the "English Damascus" in two. strips; the next the 
"English hand-forged Damascus" in four strips; then "English 
two-strip Damascus"; and then "English Damascus" in three 
strips; then English laminated steel in two strips. The first 
group of foreign-made twist barrels is the "Pointille" (a fancv 
figure), eighteenth down on the list in order of merit; foreign 
'Damascus Crolle," in three and in four strips, come next, and 
have the same figure of merit, both being placed twenty-fifth on 
the list. At the same trials, when individual barrels were tested 
to bursting or bulging to the extent of .01 inch, the first place 
in the order of merit was occupied by "English variegated Damas- 
cus," two-strip; "English Damascus" three-strip; and "English 
Damascus." two-strip again, all three barrels withstanding exactly 
the same test. The foreign "Damascus" two-strip, and the same 
in three-strip, passed equally to the seventh place, while last in 
order of merit were the foreign fancy-figured "Pointille" and 
the foreign ' Crolle Damascus" four-strip barrels. 
This report, issued in 1891, only confirms what the author wrote 
m earlier editions of this book, with respect to the relative 
strengths of twist-barrels, and has now repeated more concisely, 
A figured barrel, notwithstanding the fineness of the figure and 
the apparently high quality of workmanship, is no indication of 
trustworthiness much less of excellence and unusual strength. To 
obtain barrels combining the utmost strength with lightness and 
beauty the best way is to purchase or order from a gun-maker 
of repute and leave the choice to him. It is not always that the 
type of barrel best suited to one caliber or weight will prove so 
advantageous when used in the construction of guns of other 
calibers or weights. There is only one wide difference in the 
practice of the English gun-maker and his continental competitor 
when choosing a barrel for a particular purpose; with the English 
m.aker the figure of the barrel is the last thing to be considered 
when determining the type most fit for the particular purpose, 
whereas with the foreign manufacturer it is usually the first, and 
often the only,, consideration. The English maker takes a barrel 
that will do best; the foreign maker the barrel that wiU look 
best. 
Weldfess Barrels. 
In addition to the seemingly large variety of figured barrels, 
there is now an even greater assortment of weldless barrels 
available for shotguns. These are, for the most part, of steel; 
some drilled, some drawn, some forged, of steels of many quali- 
ties_ and made by ditTerent processes. 
First as to the history of the weldless barrel, and its increasing 
popularity. 
One of the greatest difficulties with which a gun-maker has to 
contend is the "gray" in gun barrels. The*"gray" is a defect of 
small actual importance, but decidedly a blemish on a fine 
weapon, and an eyesore in every description of gun barreL 
The numerous twistings and weldings of gun-iron rods and 
ribands are fully detailed in the description of the barrel-welding 
processes, and it must have occured to the reader that the Damas- 
cus barrel is one mass of welds from breech to muzzle. This 
is so. Unfortunately a certain amount of burnt metal, or scale, 
is imbedded within some of these welds, and in the finished bar- 
rel this fragment of scale forms a "gray," or small speck of use- 
less material, which will not color in harmony with the other part 
of the barrel, but is made more apparent by the finishing processes 
of polishing and browning. These "grays" may appear some 
time after the gun has been in use, the hard metal composing 
the barrel being eaten into by rust, or the thin coating over the 
"gray" being worn away. They are developed in the inside by 
the chemical action of the powder gases, and are practically in- 
eradicable. Sportsmen must not imagine that "grays" weaken a 
barrel to any appreciable extent, and their development in a 
gun, after some months' or some years' wear, in no way reflects 
upon the reputation of the gun-maker. 
A barrel eaten right through with rust, at or near the muzzle, 
may be fired with perfect safely; consequenktlv a "gray" is not 
to be regarded as an element of danger; and barrels after thirty 
years' wear, or after firing upward of 100,000 shots, are safe to 
use. providing tliey are free from dents, bruises and rust inside. 
Best quality barrels can be ruined — and many have been — in a 
couple of seasons by rough, careless usage, firing when dented, 
and being allowed to rust inside and out. 
K welded barrel will not stand a blow given .sideways. A 
knock against a hard substance will dent one barrel and fre- 
quently break the other in the weld. Many more guns are 
ruined by hard knocks than by hard wear. 
Owing to the great difficulty in procuring perfectly welded bar- 
rels, gun-makers are now discarding tubes of the Damascus 
variety for those of solid steel, which are free from grays and 
blemishes, and if carefully chosen and tested will fill every 
requirement of the sportsman. The harder the Damascus barrel 
the greater the liability to grays, and a soft barrel will not make a 
fine shooting gun. 
It is possible to have a twisted weldless barrel. Some years 
ago • the author- produced his "solid weldless twist," a figured 
barrel which is admirably adapted for sporting and other rifles 
and in every way suitable for shotguns. The grain runs spirally 
and the figure is similar to that of the wire twist. The illustra- 
tion shows clearly the method of manufacture from ordinary gtin- 
barrel iron. The twisting closes the grain of the iron, making 
it more dense toward the center, thus presentin.g an even solid 
surface for rifling; outside the grain runs spirally from end to end. 
Of the steels used for shotgun barrels, the best known is 
AV'hitworth's fluid compressed steel. This is a cast steel; the 
ingot, while in a liquid or a semi-liquid state, is submitted to 
iiressure, with a view to eliminating blow holes. The top and 
bottom of the ingot is cut off and thrown aside as usual. Em- 
inent metallurgists contend that in the process of cooling the 
contraction of the ingot is so great that no pressure which can 
be brought to act upon it by mechanical means can affect the 
metal — at any rate, beyond a few inches from the surface. The 
process is therefore by some regarded as quite superfluous. On 
the other hand, it is generally allowed that the Whitworth steel 
is of excellent quality, and it has been used for barrels for so 
many years that its suitability for that purpose may be taken as 
fu'lv proven. 
Tiie Whitworth steel is to be ordinarily distinguished from other 
steels by its brand, and by that alone. This mark is a "wheat- 
sheaf," and London gun-makers who have sold guns with these 
barrels for many years now have their barrels with this registered 
trade mark stamped on the under side and the ordinary letter- 
ing "Whitworth's steel," etc., on the top of the barrel or the 
top rib. Wlytworth steel is higher in carbon than many steels 
used for gun barrels, but it is sufficiently ductile to allow of 
drilling. 
Steel made by the Siemens-Martin process has been used suc- 
cessfully for shot.gun barrels as well as rifles. So, too, tubes of 
basic open hearth steel, made from hematite pig and scrap, and 
'•arburized by Darby's filtration process, were tested at the Bir- 
mingham Proof House in the trials already referred to and ob- 
tained a high figure of merit. 
Steel barrels may be made by drilling them from the ordinary 
rolled bar; they may be drawn by rolling out pierced blanks; 
they may even be rolled hollow by the Mannesmann process, or 
thev may be forged, then drilled. 
The quality of the barrel depends less upon the method of 
forming the barrel than the quality of the metal_ used — the reverse 
of the twist barrel, where manipulation is all important. 
In the choice of a suitable steel, actual experience is a surer 
guide than the indications of theory as to the composition which 
or.eht to be the best for the purpose. 
The author- uses a brand of metal to_ which the name of Green- 
er's wrought steel has been given, which steel he has found spe- 
ciallv suited to' the requirements of the gun-maker for shotgun 
barels-; in this steel the metal is not drawn, but is forged out 
of a sol'd bar, and drilled its whole length. Barrels so made are 
of close metaU stronger and denser than .any obtainable by other 
means. - ■ 
The "Wrou^eht SteeT'^ recqmsnended is made of a homogeneous 
"fnetal, of very" fn-ie qualitv, "and admirably adapted bv its great 
tenacftv, or tensile stren.gth, for use in gun barrels. It has been 
thoFOUirhly tested by the author, as well as "at the Government 
Proof House, with very hea\'y charges, . viz,, 28 drams of powder 
'3Tid~ 4% ounces ot" shot,- this chargecfeeiiig, equal .to. seven Qrd,inary. 
ejiarges of powder and four charges of shot. This test and many 
,.(5therg it withstands perfectly. 
"Wrought steel' barrele are of suflRcLent strength for all practical 
purposes, and onlv in eppearajjce are thfey at b disadTOntage 
when comp^a^d" ' With ^^t?^ Ifennt^s felHiWBWd rflwiT 
Unlike "cast steel" barrels of the old type, "wrought steel" 
barrels bulge instead of breaking, and increased strain produces 
an open burst similar to that of a welded barrel, instead of a 
sharp break or a longitudinal rip, as is found to result with im- 
perfect steel barrels. The quality of the metal is such that it 
will stand successively more than double the strain to which a 
sportsman can submit his gun with fair usage. And it will not 
"rip" or "crack," however sharp may be the explosive used. 
The author has made many experiments with various explosives, 
in order to test thoroughly the fitness of this steel for gun bar- 
rels, and the results prove that there is no material which will 
excel it, and as the illustration shows, when tested to a bursting 
strain, the break which follows the bulging of the barrel is 
similar in character to the failure of Damascus under like cir- 
cumstances. 
The bulges were caused by placing a small charge of shot 
between two felt wads (first a thick felt, then the shot, then the 
thin felt) at the spot where the bulges are, and firing an ordi- 
nary charge from the gun. 
The burst was effected by increasing the charge of shot be- 
tween the wads; the bulges appeared about fifteen inches from 
the breech end after firing. 
As many as five thick wads may be placed in any part of the 
barrel, and the gun fired without causing a bulge, but experiments 
prove that even the small quantity of V? ounce of shot placed be- 
tween wads at any place in the barrel will cause a bulge even as 
near as nine inches from the breech. The different sizes of the 
bulges in the illustration were caused by different charges of shot. 
The shape of the burst indicates the extent of bulging before 
bursting. The illustration is reduced to half size. 
In choosing steel for gun barrels, many things have to be con- 
sidered. The author attaches much more importance to the iron 
from which the steel is made than the amount of carbon con- 
tained in it. His wrought steel is made from the very tough- 
est iron that can be procured, and as much carbon is used as 
can be allowed to admit of the drilling and boring of the barrel, 
so that the barrel is both hard and tough. These wrought steel 
barrels will stand being heated for brazing, without deterioration. 
Messrs. Krupp have introduced a steel for gun barrels which 
has many excellent qualities, but they must not be brazed, but 
held together by soft soldering onlv, which altogether excludes 
them from use by English gun-makers, as the hammering, chip- 
ping, etc., of English breech actions require that a stronger and 
more tenacious hold be made than any soldering affords. 
Otter Metals Used ia Gun JWanafacltiref 
The furniture of the gun was formerly made of swaff iron- 
that is, chippings, filings, borings, etc., of the iron barrels 
and other parts, collected, rewelded and forged. The material now 
most used is either puddled iron, ingot iron, or mild steel, con- 
taining 0,15 of carbon. The ingot iron is preferred as being 
clearer than puddled iron. Mild steel, when case-hardened, is 
quite suitable for breech action bodies. The bolts are usually 
of cast steel. 
Stampings, or drop forgings, made by knocking the metal when 
red hot into dies, have now superseded hand-forged parts, save 
for one or two minor pieces, as the trigger guard. For hand- 
forging "best best" puddled iron is used, the forging performed 
in much the same manner as in the ordinary blacksmith's shop. 
PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT. 
The Pine Vocds of the Sooth. 
THE NEW ENGLANBERS AND MIWDtE STATES' MEN AUD WOMEN GOING 
SOUTH. I 
A GREAT many of the Northern people who go South to the 
pine woods at Southern Pines and Pinebluff imagine before they 
go that the pines are as thick as the pine woods of Maine. The 
fact is that there is hardly twenty pine trees to the acre in the 
Sand Hills of North Carolina, where so many people go for their 
health. At first sight the visitor is very much disappointed not to 
find more pines, but he or she soon realizes that the great health- 
fulness of the section is on account of the fact that at some time 
during the day the sun gets to every grain of sand and every blade 
of grass and dries it so there is no moisture to cause mildew 
and rot, or make food for the germ life to live on, and on ac- 
count of the sunshine and pure white sand the water is as pure as 
the purest. The Southern pine tree is unlike the pines North, 
as it has but little foliage. A few scraggy, unsightly limbs at the 
very top, sometimes eighty feet from the ground,' but the pine 
leaves or needles are beautiful and the constant lullaby .song that 
the wind makes as it passes through the pine leaves is so sooth- 
ing to the tired nerves of the invalids that they are soon nodding 
in the sunshine as they sit under the unsightly but health-giving 
trees of the South. If you want to learn anything about tlie pine 
woods and how to reach them by the best rail or water route, 
write to Mr. John T. Patrick, Pinebluff, N. C. 
Some Calendars. 
The 1903 calendar, showing "animals that are hunted," pub- 
lished by the Beemis Omaha Bag Co., of Omaha, Neb., is rather 
a new departure in calendars. It shows the buffalo, mouniain 
sheep, moose, antelope, caribou, black bear, white goat, grizzly 
bear, Virginia deer, polar bear, mule deer and the head of an 
elk, these representing the twelve months of the year, from 
January 190-3. Printed either on paper or cloth, it will be mailed 
to any address by the Ad-Sales Co., of Opiaha, Neb., on the terms 
specified in their advertisement. 
Through the medium of their calendar for 1903, Messrs. E. I. 
du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del., for public distribu- 
tion, present a field scene, a copy of a painting possessing rare 
excellence. Two dogs in the foregi-ound, a setter and a pointer, 
stand one on a point, the other on a back, both in spirited pose. 
Close to them a father is giving his son a first lesson in shooting. 
The father, calm of poise, yet sympathetically encouraging, has 
one hand grasping the gun, the other resting gently on the 
youth's shoulder, coaching him for the shot. The boy, open-eyed, 
intensely eager and excited, holds the gun awkwardly, as all boys 
do in their fir.st attempts at field shooting. It is realistic in every 
detail. The legend on the picture, namely, "Generations have used 
Dupont powder," gives to the whole a theme which extends far 
into the past. 
The calendar for 1903 issued by the Savage Arms Co., is unu.stial 
for its beauty and its truth to nature. A long, slim hunter has 
shot a mule deer buck, which has run down the steep hillside 
through open pine timber and fallen over on a log. We do not 
know the artist who drew this picture, but whoever he is, he 
knows his subiect. Copies of this calendar will be sent on receipt 
of 4 cents by the Savage Arms Co., Utica, N. Y. 
It Pays to Advertise Gunning Records in "Forest and Stream.'* 
Blacksburg, S. C, Nov. 27. — I always get good results from my 
advertisement, in your paper. I got a nice party lately. 
A. G. Mitrrz. 
Oyster P, O,, Va,, Nov. 16. — ^Since advertising in your paper it 
has brought quite a many sportsmen to my place, and 1 fee! it 
was money well spent, as my place is pretty well known among 
the sportsmen now. E. B. Cobb, 
Also Sneak: Brxes. 
B.\rneg.4t, N. J., Dec. 2. — We are getting a great many inquiries 
for our sneakbox through the advertisement in Forest and 
Stream, and have sold two of them, one in Pittsburg, and one in 
Northampton, Mass. A. F. Kirkpatrick & Sons. 
At the thirty-third annual convention of Associated Master 
Car and Locomotive Painters, of United States and Canada, re 
cently held in Boston, Chairman W. O. Ouest, of Committee on 
Tests, reports as follows concerning Durable Metal Coating, 
manufactured by Edward Smith & Co., 45 Broadway, New York; 
"Where unbroken from loose under (rust) scale,.ithis paint is still 
elastic enough to award it the claim of being ^'Durable." It also 
^topd a severe acid test without injury. This proves that where 
the Durable Metal Coating is. applied to steel frames of sky- 
scrapers, bridges, or metal work, it will preserve it for lyears 
against rust. Great care should be taken tliat all Tust "be elim- 
- .'inated blefoEe- applying the Durable Metal Coating. - ■ - ' 
The Rolierts Saf^ Water Tube Boiler Co,, M. Cortlahdt street, 
, New York,' one of the first continuous advertisers in tfie~FoKEST 
AKD^ Steeam, now inform us that they bsv* nearly IjSW ot ^Mx 
tiiilers ia-^Si? et ttit-pxtaaiMatfe.-- — 
