486 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
{tym. -20, igas. 
is bli^e otitside and while within. The enamel is hard 
and smooi! . and il cy vim only look clean but are 
easily kcrt in '•'^•^rlition. "ri.cy Wi]] not bear heat 
i-i:ile^5 tilled uiih water. 
Then p..ic.a„e t.gate\vare frying-pan that will 
rest inside tl e nested rlates. This ware is grayish 
and will chip only after long use over the tlames. 
When you get home, file the long handle off smoothly 
where it is riveted to the pan. Explanation further on. 
Next comes a granite-ware pan that will nest within 
the frying-pan. It should be three inches deep. Then 
select two smaller pans, of the same ware, that will 
nest within the larger one. 
Now for a cofTee-not. An article is made of agate- 
ware, which is "merely a very large cup, with a loop 
handle and tiny spout. The cover is tin. The pot has 
perpendicrlar sides, is seamless, and holds about three 
pints. This nests within the pans. If aluminum cups 
are preferred, purchase two that will nest within the 
cofTee-pot; otherwise get granite-ware cups. In either 
event, cut the loop handle of one of them just above 
the bottom rivet, so that this cup will nest within the 
other one. Now buy a tea-ball a trifle larger than a 
hen's egg and of th.it shape. In use this is filled with 
ground coffee, closed tightly, and dropped into the pot 
Avhile*the water is heating. Let the water boil a half 
minute, and the result is a pot of clear coffee, all the 
grounds reniaining within the tea-ball. There is still 
space in this pot for salt and pepper shakers, which 
will be mentioned elsewhere. 
Purchase a granite-ware kettle having a wire bail 
instead of a long handle. This should hold abont a 
half gallon of water, but if two kettles are desired, a 
larger one should be selected, then a smaller one that 
will drop within the other. In either event, see that 
the deep pan resting within the frying-pan will fit one 
kettle, as it may thus be utilized as a double boiler. 
Within the kettle, or kettles, a number of small ar- 
ticles may be stowed, iri order that all available space 
ma}' be utilized. 
For knives there should be one with a keen edge. 
Every camper should carry a good sheath knife with 
a fonr or five-inch blade, and this will serve at table 
as well as in a dozen other capacities. It should not be 
one of the cheap abominations with a long blade and 
a guard, but a modern knife with a sheath fitting it 
snugly and leaving only an inch or so of the haft 
protruding, otherwise it will be lost out easily. It 
should be of the best steel and by no means a cheap 
affair. Several knives forged fmm tool steel are to 
be had of the sporting goods trade. These cost about 
$2. and are worth it. It is a waste of money to pur- 
chase an iron knife. The second knife in the outfit 
may be a round-pointed table knife the home folks 
have discarded. Purchase six plnminum spoons, four 
of them small, the other two tablesooon size; and two 
aluminum forks. Next comes a whetstone. Get one 
about six inches long, an inch wide and flat. One that 
is i:sed while wet. It should cost ten cents, but will 
increase in value the longer you carry it. The ax 
and knives may be kept sharp with a little judicious use 
of this tiny stone. It will be worth its weight in gold 
very often. Purchase a pair of cheap pliers about six 
inches long and re.'^embling blacksmiths' tongs in form. 
These are for picking up hot kettles and nans, and 
make it possible to do aAvay with long-handled pots and 
pans that will not nest with the other utensils. Now, 
these forks, spoons, and small stuff should be kept in 
a box selected for the purpose, and there is nothing 
better than a tin biscuit box or can some ten inches 
high and two in diameter, with a tight lid. Other- 
wise the small stuff is always mixed up with other ar- 
ticles. 
A five-cent tin-bound asbestos mat is needed if you 
cook over a vspor stove, and this mat will go with 
the plates. For toasting it is serviceable. 
The camp ax does not properly belong with the 
cooking outfit, perhaps, but if the latter is stowed 
away in a wood grub box, a handy place for the ax 
will be in a leather pocket within the box. Select an 
ax forged from the best steel. One weighing a pound 
is large enough, and it should cost $2 at least, and 
be guaranteed by the maker. As with knives, so it 
is with axes, and there is nothing that will teach a 
novice to use weird and strange oaths more quickly 
than the possession of an ax that will not hold an edge 
ten minutes. I have heard campers say of their axes 
that the glance of a steel blue eye would turn the 
edge. You don't want this sort. Get a good one. 
Now for the salt shaker. The only article I have 
ever seen that world not absorb moi.sture in a damp 
climate is a rubber iodoform shaker sold by wholesale 
pharmacists' supply houses for surgeons' uses. This 
is an inch in diameter and about three in length. On 
either end is a screw cap. One cap is unscrewed for 
filling; the other one protects the perforated end. 
These cost about 75 cents, hv.t are worth the price. 
For salt it is necessary to slightly enlarge the per- 
forations. Recently these shakers have been offered 
for sale by some firms in the soortmg goods trade. 
For peoper get a small ghss bottle with a metal screw 
top and drill a few holes in the top — very small holes. 
Pepper is not a moisture absorber. 
If a grub box like that described by me in Forest 
AND Stream of Nov. 8 is used, there will be two 
places in it occupied — one composed of the kettle or 
kettles, the other of the plates, pans, etc. Each stack 
of nested articles- should be about seven inches high 
by nine or ten in diameter, so that there will be am"]e 
space left in the box for provisions, etc. For coffee 
and sugar, tin cocoa or baking powder boxes will 
answer admirably, while matches require a smaller can 
or bottle with a tight cap.* Meal, flour, rice, baking 
powder, etc., will be handy if kept in tin cans of proper 
size. Tins with seamless caps or screw caps may be 
had at the pharmacists' suppl}' houses, and by going 
there one may select the exact sizes he requires. These 
firms also sell screw-top glass jars with tight cork in- 
ner caps, and these are admirable for butter, preserves 
and the like. 
If a vapor stove is employed — and these are gen- 
erally used by canoeists wherever kerosene may be 
purchased — the oil can be carried in nothing so handy 
as quart cans with stoppers that screw out half-way 
and expose the opening of a tiny spout for pouring. 
These are made by the can trust for heavy oils, leather 
d.essings, etc., and cost te-n cents each. When properly 
closed a leather valve prevents any kerosene from 
escaping. The wood alcohol for priming the vapor 
stoves is generally carried in a small glass bottle. The 
stove, two oil cans, and other small articles can be 
stowed in a bag made for the purpose, and another 
one will contain all the cooking utensils, if no box is 
used. An outfit need not be so compact if one has an 
open canoe, or travels by wagon, and when there is 
sufficient room to stow bulky parcels there is nothing 
more serviceable than the cheap tin bread box sold at 
hardware shops. One may be utilized for stowing 
away the vapor stove and other articles that may not 
be injured by kerosene, while another one will answer 
for the provisions. They are waterproof save when en- 
tirely immersed, and if the hds are fastened down, they 
may be left outside in all sorts of weather without fear. 
Another hand}' article that properly belongs with the 
cooking ov.tfit is a small bunch of candles. Paraffin 
candles six inches long are cheap, clean, and very 
handy in camp if one wishes a light for a moment to 
hunt for some misplaced article in the tent. etc. They 
may be old-fashioned, but they are. nevertheless, A'al- 
uable for temporary uses. Perry D. Frazer. 
§Httie and §tttu 
— 
Proprietors of shooting resorts will find it profitable to advertise 
them in Forest and Stkbau. 
Notes: Some and Otherwise* 
A ,'iiECENT allusion in Forest and Stream columns 
to "Breakneck Spring," started Juvenal's thinker, and 
now his pen. The spring referred to is far awaj"-, 
but it instantly recalled visions of a marvelously clear, 
copious, cold and refreshing spring at the toot of 
Breakneck Hill in the Adirondacks. and known, of 
course, as Breakneck Spring. The hill is rightly 
named, for it is steep and rough — hard climbing; while 
the descent of the bank above the spring, unless made 
carefulh'', might easily residt in the name becoming a 
reality of experience. But the spring itself ! The' pool 
of water is some three to four feet across, and about 
ten inches deep in the middle, where the water gushes 
up through the sand. It is the coldest pure spring 
water the writer ever saw, with one exception. In 
Rutland County, Vt., at a spot known locally as "the 
ice-bed," a spring flows from under a pile of slide 
rock at the foot of a mountain. Far under the rocks 
ice is found in midsummer. This water is so cold 
that care is necessary in drinking it, and the air is 
chilled for several rods' distance in the small ravine 
leading to the spring. Of course, it is a resort for 
local pleasure parties. Breakneck Spring is a resort 
for lumbermen and sportsmen. Many times have 
Juvenal and his comrades filled canteens at the 
spring and carried the water for miles, because it was 
so superior to that found elsewhere, and returning, 
whether empty handed or laden with spoils, it must 
be some cogent reason that could preA^ent a little aside 
from the trail to drink and rest at the spring. 
Names— Natural vs. Uaoatoral. 
Now the thought in mind when the pen started 
(though perhaps the path to it is as long and devious 
as a forest trail), is this: The fact that the same name, 
"Breakneck Spring," is applied to two springs so far 
apart and doubtless from the same cause, viz., the sur- 
roundings, illustrates a natural naming process. Facts 
appeal to the child of nature, so we have many Panther 
Mountains and Wolf Ponds, many Breakneck Hills, 
with their corresponding springs, and many other ap- 
plications of the same principle of naming according 
to natural suggestion. Those most real children of 
nature, the Indians, made most extensive use of this 
principle, and so their nonienclature is not only de- 
scriptive but historic. Their names express natural 
fact, or real experience at will. With suitable limita- 
tions is not this better than tacking on names that are 
so far fetched as to have no meaning — e. g., the many 
names of cities along the N. Y. Central, classic, in- 
deed, but unnatural here. The writer is not opposed 
to the classics or to classical names, and hence to that 
which is both natural and poetical, whether in fact or in 
napie. 
The C liter Question Again, 
As so many writers keep at this, both in Forest and 
Stream and in other publications for sportsmen, per- 
mit a brief statement of facts relating to different cases 
the past season: 
Case I.— A friend of the writer went to far north- 
ern wilds in Ontario for moose. One morning his 
Indian guide saw a deer on the mountain side, so far 
away that the white hunter's eye could see no sign of 
game, but going carefully up the mountain to the spot 
he came face to face with a beautiful doe within twen- 
tjr-five yards. But' he did not shoot — he was after 
moose. . His opportunity came at length. A monster 
moose swimming across a bay was pursued by a canoe, 
and as the animal went ashore, shooting with a .30-30 
began at about 150 yards. Soon at closer range the 
third shot brought down the bull with a bullet in the 
neck. The Indian would not approach, and for a long 
time prevented the white man, but finally the hunter 
determined to end the sufferings of the animal, so went 
carefully close in and gave the quietus with a ball at 
the base of the ear. Dissection showed that the sec- 
ond ball struck squarely against the shoulder blade 
knd went badly to pieces, doing no real damage. The 
third ball, which dropped the bull and so paralyzed hirn 
that he could not get up, lodged among the vertebrae 
of the neck without breaking any bones or being itself 
broken. Soft-point bullets were used. The bull was 
estimated to weigh over 1,000 pounds. The hunter is 
satisfied that the .30-30 is not a moose gun. Yet some 
would think the above pretty good luck with any rifle. 
Case 2. — The gentleman who went on the trip with 
Case I, also carried a .30-30. He also got his moose, 
but it was after fifteen shots at various distances — none 
of them long — and at various parts of the anatomy. 
The shots were in strings of three to five, and while 
they all landed somewhere on the target, none of them 
were "bullseyes." During the shooting the bull man- 
aged to cover considerable ground, and the pursuit 
was mainly by canoe. After the poor brute was down 
and thrashing about in mortal agony, he was allowed to 
suffer for hojurs, and only then put out of misery by the 
courage and action of the gentleman in Case i. He 
made a torch and succeeded in getting a guide to hold 
it for him while he shot and killed the moose. Case 2 
knows the .30-30 is not a moose gun. Some might ask 
if in his hands any other rifle would have done any 
better? 
Case 3. — Another doctor (both the preceding were 
M. D.'s). The same is also in Canada, but in another 
portion, the man is a veteran sportsman, and the rifle 
a .40 caliber, with a record on game. The moose were 
at home to their visitors and furnished plenty of enter- 
tainment in the way of photographing specimens. 
When the time for a fine head came the doctor was 
so sure of his shot and its effect that although the 
moose disappeared, the next morning, when attempt- 
ing to follow and secure him, the doctor coming sud- 
denly within a few yards of four moose, did not shoot 
because one moose was enough, and he was supposedly 
safe. He was, but in another sense. The doctor says 
that when he goes after moose again he will have a 
heavy express rifle. 
Case 4. — The writers long-time hunting companion 
in the Adirondacks shot a deer at 200 yards with a 
.30-40. The soft-point bullet entered back of the shoul- 
der about one-third of the way up on the body, ranged 
backward somewhat, and came out back of the ribs 
on the other side. The bullet hole at exit was large, 
and the interior of the animal badly lacerated by the 
mushroomed ball, yet that deer ran about 150 yards 
without external bleeding, so far as noticed, and was 
found only by careful search. 
Case 5. — The writer shot a deer with a .30-30 soft- 
point bullet at a little over 100 yards. The deer was 
partly in alder bushes and walking slowly. The ball 
entered just forward of the shoulder, about one-third 
of the way up on the body, made a large hole, where 
it came out just at the opposite foreleg, and cut that 
leg clean off, so that it hung by a little skin only. Yet 
this deer managed to run about 150 yards, most of 
the way being plainly marked with splotches of blood. 
In fact, there was practically no blood left to follow 
the knife at the throat. 
What do these cases prove? Nothing decisive. But 
they illustrate 
(a) That game animals often act differently from 
what the hunter wishes or expects; also differently 
from one another; some will show remarkable vitality, 
while others easily succumb. (Plenty of moose have 
been killed almost in their tracks vnth small caliber 
rifles.) 
(b) That to stop a big game animal immediately it 
is necessary to hit a nerve center. Do that with any 
rifle and the game stops. 
(c) The man behind the gun still counts. Yet cir- 
cumstances such as light, position of game, etc., will 
aft'ect any man and sometimes limit success. 
The smokeless powder and flat trajectory of the 
small calibers is greatly in their favor, the records prove 
they do get game, and as to the shooting of men, it is 
certainly true that in most places where large game 
may be properly shot with any rifle, the small-caliber, 
long-range rifle may be as safely used as any other. 
The whiskey danger is greater than any other — it dis- 
qualifies the guide and the sportsman alike — and when 
it is both at the same time, as is frequently the case, 
look out. If those who have so much to say about 
what is "sportsmanlike" and "unsportsmanlike" will 
take up this issue in earnest and help create a universal 
sentiment that it is really unsportsmanlike because un- 
manly, to carry intoxicating beverages into the woods 
— either in the man or in the pack — they will do more 
toward the elevation of sport and sportsmen than all 
their talk about methods of taking game -and fish. 
That our highly prized Forest and Stream may nail 
this banner to the mast and lead the way to victory, is 
the earnest wish of Juvenal. 
Preserving the Equilibrium* 
Durham, Kas., Dec. 8. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
Your recent article on yellow journalism, and Mr. 
Flynn's remarks concerning it, coupled with numerous 
other articles I have read of late, induces me to dip into 
the subject and go round and round a few times like a 
chip in an eddy. It seems almost impossible for the aver- 
age mind to understand what true protection for game- 
and song birds really amounts to. The fad is on and has 
brought into the ring its thousands of rabid protectors, 
who do not know a bird from a balloon. Out of the en- 
suing babble comes chaos. Just now the craze runs to 
squirrel protection, and it is usually argued as if there 
v.'ere really something sacred about the little beast that 
makes it a crime to kill it at all, no matter what the con- 
.ditions. This is nonsense of course. The proper mission 
of protection is to maintain an equilibrium. The farmer 
who killed all his poultry and pigs in the spring would 
be much better off than one that did not kill them at all. 
but kept them till they died of old age. The open and 
close season on game is supposed to maintain this equi- 
librium after which game is supposed to be killed and 
used for any useful purpose the same as all domestic 
things brought under man's dominion. There is no open 
season on birds not considered game because there seems- 
no reason for killing them, yet in a recent farm journal 
I read an account of several thousand being killed at con- 
siderable expense to protect a single fruit farm. 
The squirrel is of no value except as their flesh is good: 
to eat and the skins good to make into coats. They 
have no more right to special protection than have pigs 
or poultry. \Vhen they become sufficiently numerou.^ 
they should be so used, for their capacity for mischie£ 
as considerable. The maintaining of correct balance is all 
there is to it, and how to maintain that balance is all 
there is to argue about The question of cruelty to ani- 
