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WHAT FORESTRY HAS DONE. 
The following extract is reprinted from Circular 140, Forest 
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. 
AUSTRIA. 
In Austria, which has been independent of the German Fed- 
eration only since 1866, forestry has, in the main, followed 
German lines. Austria-Hungary is one of the largest export- 
ers of wood, and the yearly exportations reach 3,670,000 tons. 
Germany takes more than half of these exports and the rest 
is distributed to Italy, Russia and Switzerland. 
Austria has 24,000,000 acres of forest, of which only 7 per 
cent, belongs to the State and 58 per cent, is private land. 
Communal and entailed forests make up the remainder. Of 
the private forests 34 per cent, is in estates ranging from 
20,000 to 350,000 acres in area, and for the last fifty years 
at least 75 per cent, of the total forest area has been held in 
large, compact bodies. These large blocks are naturally favor- 
able to forest management. Private forestry is further encour- 
aged by the system of forest taxation, which relieves forests 
in which forestry is practiced. In the United States there are 
many enormous private forest holdings on which forestry 
would unquestionably be practiced were it not that excessive 
or ill devised forest taxation effectually discourages it. 
The total net revenue from the Austrian State forests is over 
$5,000,000. The net yearly revenue per acre of 21 cents is 
comparatively low, due mainly to the facts that only 56 cents 
per acre is expended upon the forest and that most of the 
area is located in the rugged Alps and Carpathians, where 
administration and logging are costly. 
The present forest department was started in 1872 in re- 
sponse to a popular outcry against the policy of selling State 
lands. That policy resulted in reducing the area of State 
forests from 10,000,000 to a little over 7,000,000 acres during 
the first half of the nineteenth century! The administration 
was reorganized in 1904, and now has three departments — 
administration proper, reforestation and the correction of tor- 
rents, and forest protection. 
Forestry is successfully practiced on 60 per cent, of all the 
Austrian forests and on 82 per cent, of the private forests, and 
excellent results have been secured by cooperation between 
the State and private persons in forest management, particu- 
larly under the law of 1883. The most conspicuous fruit of 
Austrian forestry, however, is the reforesting of the "Karst. ,? 
