247 
and leave infested wild plants to breed new generations? Rub- 
bish piles must be burned, and fallen fruits and culls and infested 
stalks and vines destroyed. After harvesting a crop, the field 
should be as clean as it is possible to make it. This preventive 
work pays. 
The first three methods of insect control, namely, direct meas- 
ures, cultural methods and sanitation are of the most impor- 
tance to the farmer himself, since they are methods actually 
within his power to use at a time when his crops are menaced by 
injurious insects. Two important preventive measures remain, 
namely, natural enemies and quarantine. It may be that the time 
will come when farm sanitation, natural enemies and quarantine 
will obviate the necessity of direct measures. Certain it is, that 
far-reaching results have been obtained through these methods of 
insect warfare, but the use of direct measures on the part of the 
farmer or planter is still a necessity. Results from the last named 
methods must be obtained before we can do away with the former. 
All insect pests have, naturally, as has been stated, many enemies, 
and in some localities, notably in the United States and Hawaii, 
many additional ones have been introduced. With these insect 
friends the farmer must become acquainted, and their propaga- 
tion and dissemination be encouraged. 
Until very recent times the development of a country agricul- 
turally, has implied that with the introduction of desirable econo- 
mic plants should come also their many and various insect ene- 
mies, and that, as the commercial relations of the country became 
intimate with other countries, such injurious species would con- 
tinue to be introduced. Although many of the injurious species 
of insects, particularly the class that includes the scale insects, 
mealy-bugs, etc., are world-wide in their distribution, there are 
many that are peculiar to the country in which they occur. It 
remains then for a community alive to its 'own interests to take the 
necessary precautions that shall prevent the introduction of these 
pests. Hawaii to her great credit, sunoorts entomological quaran- 
tine work. 
MISCELLANEOUS FORESTRY NOTES. 
MARIXE BORERS. 
Marine wood borers, which attack piling and other timbers 
placed in salt water, are causing the engineers in charge of the 
construction of marine works on the Pacific Coast much concern. 
They are particularly destructive along the coast from Southern 
California to Alaska, and shippers are beginning to realize that 
a cheap preservative treatment for this class of material would 
secure a big saving. On the average, an untreated pile lasts in 
these waters not more than three years. 
