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THE NEW MAN I HOTS. 
By Dr. E. C. Waterhouse. 
During the last two years and especially this year great interest 
has been aroused in some new species of Manihot rubber trees 
which from all accounts are far superior to Manihot glaziovii 
and winch should be of especial interest to the rubber growers of 
Hawaii from the fact that the Manihot glaziovii or Ceara rub- 
ber tree grows and yields so well in Hawaii. Some of the reasons 
why, if these species do as well as the Ceara, it will be well worth 
the while of the rubber growers of Hawaii to pay particular 
attention to these species in future plantings, will be forthcoming 
later in this paper. 
The export of rubber from the State of Babia has increased 
more, than tenfold within six years, having risen from one hun- 
dred tons in 1900 of very inferior rubber to over 1,100 tons in 
1906 of a very superior grade of rubber. This lead to an investi- 
gation of the sources of this new supply and the discovery that 
instead of the low grade of Mangebeira as formerly gathered, the 
supply came mainly from three new and very valuable varieties : 
1. Manihot dichotoma or Jiquie Manicoba ; 
2. Manihot heptaphylla or Sao Francisco Manicoba ; 
3. Manihot piauhyensis or Piauhy Manicoba. 
These varieties were so named by Dr. Ule, so well known as 
an authority on the classification of different species of rubber 
trees and who visited the State of Bahia and neighboring states in 
1906 to look into the sources of this supply. 
Until six years ago Manihot glaziovii was considered the only 
rubber yielding species of its genus (though there are 82 species 
recorded which will soon be 100 when all those discovered are 
described). It was only in the early part of 1906 that even the 
Kew Gardens, the birth place, so to speak, of the rubber industry 
in the far East and always on the lookout for new species of rub- 
ber, was aware of the existence of rubber yielding trees closely 
related to the commonly cultivated Manihot glaziovii. 
All these species, from all accounts, not only yield considerably 
more latex than the Ceara but what is of very much more impor- 
tance to Hawaii is, the amount which one man can collect is much 
greater (in other words the cost of collection is considerably less). 
This is a most important item here owing to the high price paid 
for labor and in fact the point upon which the whole success of 
the rubber industry in Hawaii hinges. 
A notable fact in this connection, one which will ..ppeal to any 
one who has had any experience in tapping the Ceara is that : n 
these new varieties, in shedding the bark, longitudinal slits are 
formed and the membranous bark peels off in more or less verti- 
cal rows. This allows its removal much more easily and there- 
fore cheaply, than is the case with the Ceara. 
These varieties of Manihot like the Manihot glaziovii or Ceara 
