349 
CULTIVATED VS. UNCULTIVATED FORESTS. 
The fact that ties can be manufactured and exported from here 
to the Coast, and manufactured and sold locally to successfully 
compete with the heretofore cheap lumber of the Pacific Coast 
again brings to the front the subject which has been so frequently 
urged upon the sugar plantations that one of the greatest econo- 
mies which they can practise is to plant trees for railroad ties, 
fence posts and firewood. 
There are but few plantations left so located that natural forest 
supply can be relied upon for these purposes. Even where natural 
forest is still available therefor, the supply is so limited that a 
very few years will end the supply. 
More and more of the sugar plantation managers are recogniz- 
ing this fact and the last year has seen a constantly increasing 
number who are taking advantage of the offer of the Forestry 
Department of the local government to furnish foresting plans 
and recommendations and send an expert on to the ground to lay 
out and advise concerning the location and character of nurseries, 
kinds of trees to be planted and location of planting grounds. 
In this connection the writer was, many years ago, greatly im- 
pressed with the results obtained on the Lihue Plantation by plow- 
ing up land and cultivating a planted forest area as compared with 
the simple holeing and planting of trees and leaving them to their 
fate. 
The rapidity of growth and the thrift of the cultivated trees as 
compared to the others was most striking. 
A couple of years ago the writer suggested to Mr. Louis von 
Tempsky, manager of the Haleakala Ranch, to try the experiment 
there. Mr. von Tempsky, who is an enthusiastic tree planter, fol- 
lowed the suggestion, and has achieved remarkable results which 
are best set forth in his own language. The following is his 
report of the results. 
REPORT OF L. VON TEMPSKY ON CULTIVATED VERSUS UNCULTIVATED 
LAND FOR TREE PLANTING. 
"It was suggested to me that I try an experiment in tree plant- 
ing on the above lines, to find out the difference in the cost and 
results of the two methods. 
"In September, 1907, I measured off a rectangular piece of land 
containing exactly four acres. One acre I furrowed out, and 
"kipikuaed" holes six feet each way. The other 'hree acres I 
plowed and harrowed twice, and as the manienie sod was very 
heavy I had to hand work the whole piece, going over it with 
"kipikuas" and packing out what wouldn't burn; as the weather 
was quite wet I could not get a fire on the grass prior to plowing ; 
this of course made the preparation of the three acres very expen- 
sive. I selected this spot especially as I thought it would be a good 
