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watersheds of the streams needed for irrigation. Consequently 
practically all the forest reserves are essentially protection forests, 
which it is desirable should be held strictly intact. This means 
that the reserves must be protected from fire, from cattle and 
from other forms of trespass, and must be rid of wild goats and 
other destructive animals. So far as possible the boundaries of 
the reserves are made to follow natural barriers. But it often hap- 
pens that there are stretches where fencing is required. In many 
cases a short stretch of fence, as for example between two gulches, 
will protect a large area. Often such stretches of fence should 
be on Government land where it is impracticable to make fence 
building a condition of a Government lease. To meet such con- 
tingencies and also to provide for the fencing jointly by the Gov- 
ernment and a given corporation of certain forest lines, there 
should be available an appropriation on which the Division of 
Forestry could draw. The amount need not be large. Five thou- 
sand dollars would go a long way in such work. But some money 
certainly should be available. 
Two further matters of similar tenor should also be mentioned 
in this connection — the inauguration of a definite system of 
administration of the forest reserves by forest rangers, paid out 
of Territorial funds and responsible only to the Territorial forest 
officials ; and second, the appropriation of a fund, to be used only 
in case of emergency, from which could be paid expenses incurred 
in fighting forest fires. Not until the Flawaiian forest reserves 
are properly protected by the necessary fences, and adequately 
guarded against fire and trespass by a forest ranger force, backed 
by an appropriation for fighting fire, can the reserves do their full 
duty or be made of the greatest benefit to the Territory. 
In saying this I do not forget the excellent work that has for 
many years been done by a number of the large plantation com- 
panies in carefully protecting their own forest lands, nor do I 
under-estimate the strong sentiment in favor of forestry that has 
made possible what has already been accomplished by the Terri- 
torial officials. But looking to the future, as it is essentially the 
business of the forester to do, I cannot but urge most strongly 
that the members of this Association, both collectively and as 
individuals, exert whatever influence they may have to secure 
from the coming Legislature appropriations sufficient for these 
purposes. 
The second main line of forest work in Hawaii is tree planting. 
It was in this way that both the Government and the private 
owner began to practice forestry in this Territory. I do not need 
to remind you of the good work that has been done with increas- 
ing interest for the past thirty years. But I do want to bring 
home to you all the desirability — nay the necessity, of doing more 
of it. 
In Hawaii there are four main objects in tree planting. First, 
commercial return, be the need for posts, railroad r ; es, construe- 
