H. S. WILEY & SON, CAYUGiA. N. Y. 
Hints on Transplanting, Etc. 
PreiMiration of tlie Soil— Prepare a rich, deep bed of mellow soil, and have the 
land sufficiently drained to relieve the roots from standing water. To insure a fine 
growth land should be in as good condition as is required for a crop of wheat, corn or 
potatoes. 
Preparation of Trees or Otiier Stocii: — We use great care in digging and packing, 
but the loss of some small roots and fibers is unavoidable. If stock is properly pre- 
pared before it is planted, no permanent injury will result from this, but the preserva- 
tion of the natural balance between top and roots renders a vigorous cutting back of 
tlie former absolutely necessary in most cases. And, therefore, prune off broken ends 
of roots, if any (a smooth cut root granulates or makes ready to extend sooner than 
one broken off), cut back the tops to the extent of about one-half the previous season's 
growth, taking care at all times to prune in such a manner as will tend to develop a 
well-formed head, sufficiently open to admit air and light freely. Evergreen and other 
ornamental trees, the beauty of which depends on preserving their natural form, 
should be pruned very little. Hence, great pains should be taken in ^planting and 
caring for these. If not ready to plant when the stock arrives, "heel it in" by placing 
the rooits in a trench and covering them with mellow earth, well packed. 
Planting — Make the holes large enough to admit the roots without any cramping 
©r bending, and deep enough to bring the tree a little below its natural depth. The fine 
srface soil should be used in covering the roots, and this should be carefully worked 
among them. If the ground is dry it is well to pour in some water when the hole is 
partially filled. See that the ground is firmly and solidly packed over all parts of the 
roots by exerting the full weight of the planter upon it, so that there will be no oppor- 
tunity for dry air or frost to enter and destroy roots deprived of the full benefit of 
their natural protection. Omission to pack the earth solidly is a most frequent cause 
of failure in planting nursery stock. Fill the holes full enough to be even with the 
surrounding surface after the fresh earth settles. Always remove the label when 
planting. If this is left until the tree is grown, the connecting wire often cuts into 
and destroys the tree or branch to which it may be attached. When planting dwarf 
trees set them low enough to cover the stock upon which they are budded, three or 
four inches. 
^lulching — When trees or bushes are planted, they should be mulched or covered 
with a layer of coarse manure or litter from three to six inches deep for a space of 
say, two feet or more in diameter than the extent of the roots. This keeps the earth 
moist and at even temperature. 
After-Cultm-e — ^Grass should not be allowed to grow about young trees or plants. 
The ground should be cultivated for a space of at least a foot outside the roots. If the 
ground is poor it should be enriched with surface applications of manure. Pruning 
should be varied according to the condition of the tree and the purpose of the planter. 
It should be done regularly every spring before the buds swell any. In this way the 
removal of large branches will be avoided. 
Fall Planting — When planted in the fall, all trees should be banked up at least 
one foot high until spring. This overcomes the tendency of the trees to heave out, pro- 
tects them from mice and prevents the roots from freezing before they have taken 
hold of the soil. In planting roses, shrubs, vines, and other delicate stock in the fall, 
the tops should be nearly or quite buried with mellow earth during the first winter. 
The surplus earth should be removed early in the spring. 
Injured Trees — If trees are received in a frozen state, place the package un- 
opened in a cellar, away from frost and heat, until thawed out and then unpack. If 
partially dried from long exposure, bury entirely in the ground or place in water from 
24 to 4 8 hours. 
