IV 
PREFACE. 
by Dr. J. G. Cooper. After the termination of their official duties with the survey, Dr. Suck- 
ley made a very extensive collection of birds at the Dalles, and on Puget's Sound, and Dr. 
Cooper at Shoal water bay, on Puget's Sound, and at Santa Clara, California. 
2. 38th and 39th parallels, under Captain J. W. Gunnison, and the 41st, under Captain 
E. G. Beckwith. — The duties of naturalist were performed by Mr. Kreuzfeldt until his death; 
afterwards by Mr. Snyder, of Captain Beckwith' s party. 
3. 35th parallel, under Captain A. W. Whipple. — This party was at first divided into 
two : one under Captain Whipple, starting at Port Smith, accompanied by Mr. H. B. Molhausen, 
as naturalist; the other under Lieutenant Ives, from San Antonio, Texas, with Dr. Kennerly. 
Both parties met at Albuquerque, and proceeded together to the Pacific. 
4. California line, under Lieutenant Williamson. — This party, with Dr. Heermann as 
naturalist, explored the country from San Francisco to the Tejon Pass and the Colorado river. 
5. 32d parallel west, under Lieutenant J. G. Parke. — Lieutenant Parke's party, with Dr. 
Heermann as naturalist, traversed the route from Port Yuma to El Paso, and thence through 
Texas. 
6. 32d parallel east, under Captain J. Pope. — Prom El Paso to Preston, on Red river. 
Captain Pope's collections include the very extensive series of birds gathered by Dr. T. C. 
Henry, U. S. A., at Port Thorn and on the Mimbres. 
The preceding lines were organized in 1853 ; the following was sent out subsequently: 
7. California and Oregon line, under Lieutenant Williamson. — This party explored the 
Cascade mountains of California and Oregon. The zoological collections were made by Dr. J. 
S. Newberry, geologist of the expedition. 
In addition to the preceding railroad explorations, the results of the following miscellaneous 
government expeditions, made under the War Department, have been embodied in the report: 
8. Exploration of the Llano Estacado, in 1854 and 1856, by Captain Pope. 
9. Exploration of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone in 1856, under Lieut. G. K. War- 
ren. — Very large collections of birds were made by this party, of which Dr. P. V. Hayden was 
surgeon and naturalist. 
10. Exploration of the north side of the Platte river and Loup Fork in 1857, under 
Lieut. G. K. Warren. — On this second expedition of Lieut. Warren, (Dr. Hayden, naturalist,) 
large collections of birds were made, especially on Laramie Peak and Loup Fork. 
11. Wagon road from Fort Riley to Bridger's Pass, under Lieut. F. T. Bryan. — -This 
party, with W. S. Wood as collector and naturalist, was in the field two seasons, 1856 and 
1857, and made very large collections. 
12. Survey of the Colorado river in 1857- 58, under Lieut. J. C. Ives. — H. B. Molhausen, 
zoologist, aided by Dr. J. S. Newberry, geologist. 
The following expeditions, under the Department of the Interior, have also furnished 
important materials : 
13. Survey of the United States and Mexican Boundary line in 1851 to 1855. — The col- 
lections of this survey were made while Mr. John R. Bartlett, Mr. R. B. Campbell, and Major 
W. H. Emory, U. S. A., were commissioners; and Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., and Major Emory, 
U.S.A., were in charge of the scientific department. The collections were made by Messrs. 
John H. Clark, Arthur Schott, Charles Wright, Dr. T. H. Webb, and Dr. C. B. Kennerly. 
