BIRDS TYRANNINAE TYEANNUS CAROLINENSIS. 171 
Comparative measurements of the species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex. 
Length. 
Extent. 
Wing 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle 
Its claw. 
Bill 
above. 
Along 
gape. 
Specimen 
measured. 
8905 
1513 
Do. 
6518 
5247 
Do. 
5905 
Tyrannus carolinensis . . . 
.... ..do 
Fremont, on Platte. 
s 
9 
8.00 
7.52 
8.40 
7.80 
8.66 
8.37 
8.90 
8.80 
8.76 
8.90 
8.90 
9.40 
9.00 
4.64 
4.52 
4.15 
4.70 
4.92 
5.30 
5.24 
4.90 
5.18 
4.44 
4.94 
5. 00 
3 62 
3.66 
4.10 
4.10 
0.72 
0.70 
0.72 
0.70 
0.66 
0.74 
0.76 
0.70 
0.26 
0.26 
0.24 
0.74 
0.72 
1.14 
0.74 
0.98 
0.94 
1.38 
0.94 
14.50 
Fresh 
Tyrannus dominicensis. . . 
a 
9 
9 
"a 
9 
Farm Island, Neb .. 
14.50 
Steilacoom, W. T. . 
4 40 
4.24 
4.08 
4.08 
4.2» 
4.58 
0.70 
0.76 
0.7C 
0.7H 
0.80 
0.72 
0.70 
0.82 
0.76 
0.80 
0.74 
0.2S 
0.30 
0.36 
0.28 
0.32 
0.30 
0.80 
0.84 
0.88 
0.78 
0.90 
0.98 
0.92 
1.00 
1.08 
1.00 
1 02 
1.04 
7390 
7389 
7939 
8101 
4001 
Do. 
Dry 
Tyrannus melancholirus. . 
Vera Cruz 
3 
3 
New Leon, Mexico. 
Dy 
15.08 
TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS, Baird. 
King Bird ; Bee Martin. 
Lanius tyrannus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 136. This belongs to the Cuban T. matutinus, according to Bonaparte. 
Muscicapa tyrannus, (Brisson?) Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 66 ; pi. xiii.— Aud. Om. Biog. I, 1632, 403 : V, ls<39, 
420 ; pi. 79.— Ib. Birds Amer. I, 1840, 204 ; pi. 56. 
Lanius tyrannut, var. y carolinensis, 6 luduvicianus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 302. 
Muscicapa rex, Barton, Fragments N. H. Penna. 1799, 18. 
Tyrannus pipiri, Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 73 ; pi. xliv.— Cab. Journ. Orn. Ill, 1855, 478. 
Tyrannus intrepidus, Vikillot, Gjlerie Ois. I, 1824,214; pi. 133 -Swainson, Mon.Ty. Shrikes Quart. Jour. 1826,274. 
Muscicapa animosa, Licht. Verz. Doubl. 1823, No 558. 
Gobe Mouche dt la Caioline, Buffon, Ois. V, 281 ; enl. pi. 676. 
Tyrannus leucogasler, Stephens, Shaw Gen.Zool. XIII, II, 1826, 132. 
Sp. Ch. — Two, sometimes three, outer primaries abruptly attenuated at the end. Second quill longest ; third little shorter ; 
first rather longer than fourth, or nearly equal. Tail slightly roundrd. Above dark bluish ash. The top and sides of the head 
to beneath the eyes bluish black. A concealed crest on the crown, vermilion in the centre, white behind, and before partially 
mixed with orange. Lower parts pure while, tinged with pale bluish ash on the sides of the throat and across the breast; sides 
of the breast and under the wings similar to, but rather lighter than, the back. Axillaries pale grayish brown tipped with 
lighter. The wings dark brown, darkest towards the ends of the quills ; the greater coverts and quills edged with white, most so 
on the tertials ; the lesser coverts edged with paler. Upper tail coverts and upper surface of the tail glossy black, the latter 
very dark brown beneath ; all the feathers tipped, and the exterior margined externally with white, forming a conspicuous ter- 
minal band about .25 of an inch broad. Length, 8.50 ; wing, 4.65 inches ; tail, 3.70 ; tarsus, .75. 
Hab. — Eastern North America to Rocky Mountains. West of this seen only in Washington Territory. 
The young of the year is similar ; the colors duller ; the concealed colored patch on the 
crown wanting. The tail more rounded ; the primaries not attenuated. 
Specimens vary in the amount of white margining the wing feathers ; the upper tail coverts 
are also margined sometimes with white. 
