BIRDS TYRANNI NAE EMPIDONAX TRAILLII. 
193 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Empidonax pusilhis. 
. do . 
....do do 
Empidonax minimus. 
....do do 
...do do 
, ...do do 
Empidonax acadieus , 
Empidonax flaviventris. 
do do 
Empidonax difficilis 
Empidonax hammondii. 
do do 
...do do 
...do do 
Empidonax obscurus. .. 
...do do 
Fort Tejon, Cal.... 
Los Nogales, Mex 
Rocky mountains. 
Carlisle, Pa 
Pennsylvania 
Chester county, Pa. 
Coban, Cent. Am. . 
Racine, Wisconsin. 
Carlisle, Pa , 
Ft. Sleilaeonm,W.T. 
Port Tejon... 
do 
do 
El Paso, Texas 
Win" 
Tail. 
Tarsus 
Middle 
Its claw 
Bill 
Alone 
toe. 
above. 
gape. 
measured. 
2.62 
2.38 
0.62 
0.56 
0.20 
0.44 
0.64 
2.86 
2.62 
0.64 
0.54 
0.18 
0.46 
0.63 
2 84 
2 68 
0 64 
0 52 
0 20 
0 4 
Dry 
278 
2' 70 
064 
0 58 
0 '"0 
0 50 
o'- 4 
Dry 
3 ' 
r 
280 
2 56 
0 68 
0 50 
0 16 
0 r 0 
.0 
375 
2.56 
2.54 
0.68 
0.52 
0.20 
0.48 
0.66 
2.64 
2.50 
0.52 
0.68 
y 
2.40 
2.40 
0 60 
.00 
0.44 
018 
0.54 
2.50 
2.88 
3.82 
2.62 
0.60 
0.50 
0.18 
0.50 
0.66 
2.70 
2.38 
0.66 
0.52 
0.16 
0.40 
0.55 
Dry 
2.74 
2.42 
0.64 
0.50 
0.18 
0.42 
0.58 
2.50 
2.18 
0.65 
0.50 
0.18 
6.40 
0.60 
2.76 
2.42 
0.66 
0.50 
0.18 
0.42 
0.60 
2.83 
2.64 
2.44 
0.50 
0.18 
0.41 
0.58 
2.78 
2.50 
0.62 
0.50 
0.18 
0.40 
0.52 
2.74 
2.50 
0.64 
0.50 
0.18 
0.43 
0.58 
2.83 
2.76 
0.72 
0.54 
0.16 
0.46 
0.60 
2.87 
EMPIDONAX TRAILLII, Baird. 
Traill's Flycatcher. 
Muscicapa traillii, Audubon, Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 236 : V, 1839, 426 ; pi. 45.— Ib. Syn. 1839, 43 — Ib. Birds Amer. I 
1840, 234 ; pi. 65. 
Tyrannula traillii, Rich. List, 1837.— Bonap. List, 1838. 
Tyrannus traillii, Nuttall, Man. I, 2d ed. 1840, 323. 
Sp. Ch. — Third quill longest; second scarcely shorter than fourth; first shorter than fifth, about .35 shorter than the 
longest. Primaries about .75 of an inch longer than secondaries. Tail even. Upper parts dark olive green ; lighter under the 
wings, and duller and moit; tinged with ash on nape and sides of the neck. Centre of the crown feathers brown. A pale 
yellowish white ring (in some specimens altogether white) round the eye. Loral feathers mixed with white. Chin and throat 
white ; the breast and sides of throat light ash tinged with olive, its intensity varying in individuals, the former sometimes 
faintly tinged with olive. Sides of the breast much like the back. Middle of the belly nearly white ; sides of the belly, abdomen, 
and the lower tail coverts sulphur yellow. The quills and tail feathers dark brown, as dark (if not more so) as these parts in 
C. virens. Two olivaceous yellow white bands on the wing, formed by the tips of the first and second coverts, succeeded by a 
brown one ; the edge of the first primary and of secondaries and tertials a little lighter shade of the same. The outer edge of 
the tail feathers like the back ; that of the lateral one rather lighter. Bill above dark brown ; dull brownish beneath. Length 
nearly 6 inches ; wing, 2.90 ; tail, 2.60. 
Hub. — Eastern United States and south to Mexico. 
The young bird is similar, but the colors are duller. The markings on the wings are more 
ochraceous. 
The body in this species is stout ; tail short, very nearly even ; feathers broad, distinctly 
25 b 
