BIRDS — PARIDAE — LOPHOPHANES. 
The tail feathers of this species are entirely black except as stated, and exhibit a crimped 
appearance. The size of the species is decidedly less than in P. caerulea. The tail is more 
graduated, the outer feathers heing about .35 of an inch shorter than the middle. The wings 
are more rounded; the second quill considerably shorter than the secondaries, the third scarcely 
longer ; very different from caerulea. The exposed portion of the first primary is half that of 
the second. 
The edges of the quills are paler than the ground color, but the tertials do not have the 
decided white of caerulea. 
The synonymy of Swainson's species will be found in the accompanying foot note. 1 
List of specimens. 
Catal. 
Sex and 
Locality. 
Whence and how obtained. 
Collected by— 
No. 
age. 
7191 
s 
San Diego, Cal 
Lieut. Williamson 
Dr. Heermann 
7192 
Fort Yuma, Cal 
.do.. . 
Sub-Family PARINAE. 
LOPHOPHANES, Kan p. 
Lophophanes, Kaup, Entw. Geseh. Europ. Thierwelt, 1829, (Agassiz.) Type Parus crislatus. 
Baeolophus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1850-'51, 91. Type Parus bicolor. 
Ch. — Crown with a conspicuous crest. Bill conical ; both upper and lower outlines convex. Wings graduated ; first quill 
v very short. Tail moderately long and rounded. 
Of this genus there are several North American species, all agreeing in general characters. 
One of these, the L. ivollweberi, is given by Cabanis as typical, while he separates the L. bicolor 
generically under the name of Baeolophus, as having a rather different form of crest, stouter 
bill and feet, and longer wings. All of our species, however, vary in these characters, each one 
showing a different combination, so that I prefer to consider all as belonging to the same genus 
with P. cristatus. 
The species, all of which have the under parts uniform whitish, may be arranged as follows : 
Above plumbeous ; forehead black ; crown much like the back L. bicolor. 
Above plumbeous ; forehead whitish; crown black L. atricristatus. 
Above olivaceous ; forehead and crown like the back L. inornatus. 
Sides of head banded black and white ; crown ash ; throat black L. ivollweberi. 
1 The following is the synonymy of Swainson's species which has the two outer tail feathers white : 
POLIOPTILA LEUCOGASTRA, Sclatcr. 
Sylvia leucogastra, Maxim. Beitrage, III, 1830, 710. 
Polioptila leucogastra, Sclater, Pr. Zool. Soc. 1855, 12. 
Culicivora leucogastra, Bcrmeister, Th. Bras. Vogel, 1856, 111. 
Culicivora atricapilla, Swainson, Zool 111. N. Ser. pi. lvii. (Not of Lawrence.) 
Culicivnra dumecola, Bp. Conspectus, 1850, 316. Not Sylvia dumecola of Vieillot. 
