426 
U. S. P. K. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY— GENERAL REPORT. 
CURVIROSTRA, Scopoli. 
Loxia, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758. Type Loxia curviroslra,h. Not of 1735, which has for type Loxia coccothraustes, L. 
Curvirostra, " Scopoli, 1777." Type L. curvirostra. 
Ch. — Mandibles much elongated, compressed and attenuated ; greatly curved or falcate, the points crossing or overlapping to 
a greater or less degree. Tarsi very short ; claws all very long, the lateral extending beyond the middle of the central ; hind 
claw longer than its digit. Wings very long and pointed, reaching beyond the middle of the narrow, forked tail. 
Colors reddish in the male. 
The elongated, compressed, falcate-curved and overlapping mandibles, readily characterise 
this genus among birds. 
The United States species of Curvirostra are readily distinguished by the presence of white 
bands on the wing in leucoptera and their absence in americana. 
As Loxia was first assigned by Linnaeus, in 1735, to his L. cocotliraustes, I do not understand 
why Gr. R. G-ray and Cabanis have not retained the genus for the last named type. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex. 
Length. 
Stretch 
dwings. 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle 
Its claw 
alone. 
Bill 
above. 
Along 
gape. 
Specimen 
measured. 
5801 
1215 
5803 
6441 
do. 
3727 
8962 
6440 
4485 
Curvirostra leucoptera. . 
Curvirostra americana.. 
Philadelphia 
9 
3 
a 
9 
5.80 
6.80 
5.34 
5.10 
5.75 
5.70 
6.00 
5.50 
6.16 
3.34 
3.70 
3.26 
2.56 
2.76 
2.32 
2.28 
0.62 
0.64 
0.62 
0.62 
0.68 
0.72 
0.78 
0 24 
0.32 
0.24 
0 64 
0.64 
0.58 
0.54 
0.64 
0.66 
0.54 
0.56 
do 
do 
Shoalwater bay.... 
Skin 
10.25 
do 
3.66 
3.66 
3.50 
3.38 
2.56 
2.50 
2.30 
0.70 
0.70 
0.70 
0.64 
0.88 
0.82 
0.74 
0.30 
0.30 
0.30 
0.26 
0.70 
0.82 
0.62 
0 63 
0.70 
0.76 
0.64 
0.64 
Shoal water bay 
Des Chutes basin... 
Skin 
CURVIROSTRA AMERICANA, Wilson. 
Red Crossbill. 
Curvirostra americana, Wils. Am. Orn. IV, 1811, 44 ; pi. xxxi, f. 1, 2. 
Loxia americana, Bon. List, 1838 — Ib Conspectus, 1850, 527. — Bon. & Schlegel, Mon. Loxiens, 5, tab. vi. — 
Newberry, Zool. California and Oregon Route, P. R. R. Rep. VI, iv, 1857, 87. 
Loxia curvirostra, Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, No. 23.— Aud. Biog. II, 1834, 559: V, 511 ; pi. 197.— Ib. Birds 
Ainer. Ill, 1841, 186 ; pi. 200. 
" Loxia pusilla, Illiger." (Bp.) 
'' Loxia fusca, Vieillot." (Bp.) 
Sp. Ch. — Male dull red ; darkest across the back ; wings and tail dark blackish brown. 
Female dull greenish olive above, each feather with a dusky centre ; rump and crown bright greenish yellow. Beneath 
grayish ; tinged, especially on the sides of the body, with greenish yellow. Young entirely brown ; paler beneath. 
Male about 6 inches ; wing, 3.30 ; tail, 2.25. 
Hab.— North America generally, coming southward in winter. Resident in the mountains of Pennsylvania. 
The immature and young birds exhibit all imaginable combinations of the colors of the male 
and female. They all agree in the entire absence of white bands on the wings. 
I have not enough materials before me to determine whether western specimens differ from 
eastern. One (4476) has a larger bill and longer, more pointed wings than any eastern skin I 
