BIRDS — FRINGILLIDAE GUIRACA LUDOVICIANA. 
437 
The essential character of the genus, as here established, lies in the very thick, slightly arched 
hill the pointed wings, longer than the even tail, and the tarsi shorter than the middle toe. 
Taking G. ccerulea as the type of the genus, it differs from ludoviciana and melanoc&phala 
in having a larger and deeper lower jaw, in proportion to the upper ; the commissure more 
abruptly angulated ; a more distinct ridge ; the lateral toes rather shorter. The Cyanoloxia 
parellina of Bonaparte, assigned to the same genus by him, is radically different, the bill being 
more like Cyanopiza in the comparative weakness of the lower jaw ; the feet are much more slender, 
the tail shorter and much more rounded. According to G. K. Gray, the genus Goniaphea o f 
Bowdich, has the Loxia ludoviciana as type. 
The species may be grouped as follows : 
Guiraca. 
Blue; wings banded with chestnut brown G. ccendea. 
Goniaphea. 
Black ; breast rose colored ; belly white. Under wing coverts of female saffron yellow or 
fulvous G. ludoviciana. 
Black ; median band on the crown, nuchal collar, rump and under parts yellowish cinnamon ; 
central line of belly yellow. Under wing coverts of female clear lemon yellow. ..G. melanocepliala. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
j Catal. No. I 
Species. 
Locality. 
_a 
Stretch of 
wings. 
W'iDg. 
3.48 
H 
0.28 
Hind toe 
and claw. 
£ 
0.36 
Bill above. 
< 
0.73 
Specimens 
measured. 
1496 
do. 
7018 
1867 
1868 
1484 
do. 
10139 
Guiraca ludoviciana.... 
s 
7.20 
8.41 
7.10 
7.40 
7.20 
6.20 
7.16 
5.U0 
4.13 
4.16 
4.14 
4.10 
3.33 
3.50 
3.15 
0.87 
0.92 
0.61 
0.64 
13.08 
— do do 
Guiraca melanoeephala. 
do do 
9 
3 
Q 
3 
3.21 
3.64 
3.46 
2.7!) 
0.87 
0.96 
0.91 
0.80 
0 91 
0.94 
0.94 
0.84 
0.25 
0.28 
0.25 
0.20 
0.60 
0.65 
0.60 
0.57 
0.24 
0.28 
0.26 
0.23 
0.60 
0.73 
0.61 
0,63 
0 66 
0.76 
0.75 
0.69 
11.32 
Skin 
9 
0.80 
0.90 
0.30 
0.60 
0.28 
0.59 
0.60 
GUIRACA LUDOVICIANA, Swainson. 
Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 
Loxia ludoviciana, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 306.— Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 135 ; pi. xvii, f. 2. 
Guiraca ludoviciana, Swainson, Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 438.— Bonap. List, 1838.— Ib. Consp. 1850, 501. 
Fringilla ludoviciana, Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 166 : V, 513 ; pi. 127. 
Pyrrhula ludoviciana, Sab. Zool. App. Franklin's Narr. 
Ceccothraustes ludoviciana, Rich. List, Pr. Br. Ass. 1837. 
Coccoborus ludovicianus, Aud. Syn. 1839, 133.— Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 209 ; pi. 205. 
" Goniaphea ludoviciana, Bowdich." 
Hedymeles ludoviciana, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 153. 
Fringilla punicea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 921. (Male.) 
Loxia obscxira, Gmelin, I, 1788, 862. 
Loxia rosea, Wilson, Am. Orn. pi. xvii, f. 2. 
Coccothraustes rubricollis, Vieillot, Galeri ties Ois. I, 1824, 67; pi. lviii. 
Sp. Ch. — Upper parts generally, with head and neck all round, glossy black. A broad crescent across the upper part of the 
breast, extending narrowly down to the belly, axillaries, and under wing coverts, carmine. Rest of under parts, rump and upper 
tail coverts, middle wing coverts, spots on the tertiaries and inner great wing coverts, basal half of primaries and secondaries, 
and a large patch on the ends of the inner webs of the outer three tail feathers, pure white. 
June 19, 1858. 
63 b 
