BIRDS — FRING1LLIDAE — GIIIRACA CAERULEA. 
499 
The female is readily distinguishable from that of G. ludoviciana by the shade of light 
cinnamon brown beneath, without streaks or spots, (or else very obsolete,) and the existence of 
the same color on the back. The tail is more olive green, and the quills are white at their 
bases. An unmistakeable character is found in the under wing coverts and axillaries, which, 
in the female ludoviciana, are saffron or orange yellow instead of the clear lemon or gamboge 
yellow of melanocephala. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. 
No. 
Sex 
Stage 
Locality. 
When col- 
lected. 
Whence obtained. Orig'l 
No. 
Collected by— 
Length. | Stretch 
W.ng. 
Remark?-. 
1867 
1868 
5586 
4850 
2873 
4851 
4550 
4852 
8205 
8251 
6378 
6379 
5545 
5546 
s 
Q 
8 
June 26,1843 
Powder river, Neb 
Aug. 1,1806 
Lt. G. K. Warren. 
Dr. Hayden.... 
7.87 
8.87 
8.25 
•8.25 
8.50 
8.00 
12.75 
12.75 
4.37 
S 
Q 
<? 
9 
S 
July 28,1835 
May 17,1856 
S. P. Baird 
Lt. U.K. Warren. 
J. K. Townsend 
Dr. Hayden 
12.50 
12.75 
12.62 
12.75 
12.00 
3.25 
4.25 
4.12 
4.75 
4.00 
May 16,1856 
Sept. 8,1857 
do 
Dr. Cooper 
187 
Iris brown ; bill brown. 
$ 
o 
<? 
s 
Dr. Heermann . 
May 11,1856 
May 24,1856 
842 
888 
8.00. 
11.00 
4.00 
GUIRACA CAERULEA, Swainson. 
Blue Grosbeak. 
Loxia caerulea, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 30G.— Wilson, Am. Orn. Ill, 1811, 78 ; pi. xxiv, f. 6.— ? Wagler, Isis, 
1831,525. 
Guiraca caerulea, Swainson, Birds Mex. in Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 438. 
Fringilla caerulea, Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 140 : V, 508 ; pi. 122. 
Coccoborus cacruleus, Sw. Birds II, 1837, 277.— Aud. Syn. 1839.— In. Birds Amer. Ill, 1841,204; pi. 204.— Cabanis, 
Mus. Hein. 1851, 152. 
Cyanoloxia caerulea, Bp. Conspectus, 1850, 502. 
Goniaphoea caerulea, Bp. 
Blue grosbeak, Pennant, Arc. Zool. II, 1785, 351. 
Sp. Ch. — Brilliant blue ; darker across the middle of the back. Space around base of the bill and lores, with tail feathers, 
black. Two bands on the wing across the tips of the primary and secondary coverts, with outer edges of tertiaries, reddish 
brown. Feathers on the posterior portion of the under surface tipped narrowly with grayish white. 
Female yellowish brown above, brownish yellow beneath ; darkest across the breast, and lightest on the throat. Wing 
coverts and tertials broadly edged with brownish yellow. A faint trace of blue on the crown. Length of male 7.25 ; wing, 
3.50; tail, 2.80. 
Hab.— More southern United States from Atlantic to Pacific, south to Mexico. 
This species exhibits but little variety of coloration, except in the purity and intensity of its 
blue. 
