514 U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 
This species is readily distinguished from P. erythroplithalmus hy the white on the scapulars 
and wing coverts. Its relationships to ardicus are much closer. There is not much difference 
hetween the two in the white of the scapular region, except that the white marks here, as 
elsewhere on the wing, are rounded, the extreme end of the outer weh of the feather being black 
instead of running oat acutely white to the very tip of the outer webs of the feathers. This 
gives rather less extension to the white. In fact, most of the white marks are edged externally 
with black, converting them into spots. There is no white whatever at the exposed base of the 
outer web of the second to fifth primaries, and there is only a trace of white near the end, 
instead of having a conspicuous white edging from base to near the tip. 
The outer web of the outer tail feather, instead of being entirely white for the exposed 
portion, is only very slightly edged with white ; usually entirely black. The white at the end 
of the feathers is much more restricted, and extends only over the three outer feathers ; usually 
not reaching to the shaft. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. 
No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When col- 
lected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig'l 
No. 
Collected hy— 
Length. 
Extent. 
Wing. 
Remarks. 
8416 
5973 
5974 
4532 
5974 
6739 
4531 
4553 
9867 
6737 
4386? 
Sept. 17, 1857 
Whitby island, \V. T 
8.00 
10.25 
10.50 
Q 
Dr. J. G. Cooper . 
do 
8.60 

Washington Territory 
Q 
do 
Gov. I. I.Stevens. 
June 25, 1856 
8.00 
9.75 

"s 
May 27, 1835 
Jan. 19, 1854 
J. K. Townsend.. 
Fort Vancouver, W. T... 
8.25 
8 25 
10.25 
10.00 
Or. Suckley 
156 
3.50 
Iris orange, bill black. 
PIPILO AECTICUS. Swain son. 
Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica, Sw. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 2G0. 
Pijrilo ardicus, Nuttall, Man. I, 1832, 589.— Ib. 2d ed. 1840, 610.— Bell, Ann New York Lyc. V, 1852, 7. 
Sp. Ch — Upper parts generally, with head and neck all round to the tipper part of the breast, black. Middle of breast 
and of belly white ; sides chestnut ; under tail coverts similar, but paler. Outer webs of scapulars and of dorsal feathers 
immediately above them, ends of primary and secondary coverts, (on the outer web,) outer edges of three innermost tertials, 
and of the second to the fifth primaries, conspicuously white. Outer web of the first and ends of the first to the fourth tail 
feathers, white, the amount diminishing not very rapidly. Length about 8 inches; wing, 2.40; tail, 4. 10; hind toe and 
claw, .74. 
Female brown instead of black. 
Bab. — High Central Plains of Upper Missouri, Yellowstone, and Platte. 
. This species is similar in form to the P. erythroplithalmus, which, however, is readily distin- 
guished by the entire absence of white on the scapulars and wing coverts. The amount of white 
on the tail decreases much less rapidly. The differences between it and P. oregonus will he 
found detailed under the head of the latter species. 
One specimen (8193) from Fort Leavenworth, with a few white spots only on the scapulars, 
may perhaps be considered a hybrid between arctica and erythroplithalmus. 
