BIRDS ICTEEIDA E X ANTHOCEPH ALUS ICTEROCEPH ALUS. 
531 
The female of A. tricolor is much grayer than plioeniceus, lacking the yellow and reddish hrown 
margins to the feathers of the latter. The light margins beneath are gray, not white ; besides, 
being narrower. There is no median stripe on the head; and the superciliary stripe is scarcely 
visible. There is none of the yellow about the head seen in plioeniceus; the throat is more 
streaked, and there is no light maxillary stripe cut off by an inferior one of black. 
The relationships of the female to that of A. gubemator are, however, very close ; so much 
so that, in the absence of a sufficiently large series of well established specimens, I can only 
refer to the usually slenderer and longer bill and more even tail of tricolor, to distinguish them. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig. No. 
Collected by — 
4601 
2836 
5934 
59361 
8595 
8596 
8593 
5532 
Colorado liver, Cal 
Santa Barbara, Cal 
Santa Clara, Cal 
Dec. — , 1854... 
Major Emory 
19 
Dr. Kennerly 
8 
S. F. Baird. 
Thomas Nuttall ( Type) . 
Dr. Cooper 
9? 
3 
Q 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Presidio, Cal 
July 9, 1853 
Lieut. Trowbridge 
147 
9 
1 Length, 8. 00 ; Extent, 13 inches. 
XANTHOCEPHALUS, Bonap. 
Xanthocephalus, Bonap. Conspectus, 1850, 431. Type Icterus iclerocephalus, Bonap. 
Ch.— Bill conical, the length about twice the height ; the outlines nearly straight. Claws all very long ; much curved ; the 
inner lateral the longest, reaching beyond the middle of the middle claw. Tail narrow, nearly even, the outer web scarcely 
widening to the end. Wings long, much longer than the tail ; the first quill longest. 
This genus differs from typical Agelaius in much longer and more curved claws, even tail, and 
first quill longest, instead of the longest being the second, third or fourth. The yellow head 
and black body are also strong marks. The measurements will be found in the table with 
Agelaius. 
XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEPtOCEPHALUS, Baird. 
Yellow-headed Blackbird. 
Icterus iclerocephalus, Bonap. Am. Orn. I, 1825, 27 ; pi. hi.— Nutt. Man. I, 1832, 176.— Ib. 2d ed. 187. Not Oriolus 
icterocephalus, Linn. 
Jigeluius iclerocephalus*, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 188. 
Icterus (Xanthornus) xanthocephalus, Bonap. J. A. N. Sc. V, n, Feb. 182G, 222.— Ib. Syn. 1828, 52. 
Icterus xanthocephalus, Aud. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 6 ; pi. 388. 
Agelaius xanthocephalus, Swainson, F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 281.— Bon. List, 1838-— Aud. Syn. 1839, 140.— Ib. Birds 
Amer. IV, 1842, 24 : pi. 213.— Newberry, ZooL Cal. and Or. Route; Rep. P. R. R. 
Surv. VI, iv. 1857, 86. 
Jigelaius longipes, Swainson, Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 436. 
Psarocolius perspicillalus, "Licht." Wagler, Isis, 1829, vn, 753. 
Icterus perspicillatus, "Licht. in Mus." Wagler, as above. 
Xanthocephalus perspicillalus, Bonap. Consp. 1850,431. 
Icterus frenatus, Licht. Isis, 1843, 59.— Reinhardt, in Kroyer's Tidskrift, IV.— Ib. Vidensk. Meddel. for 1853, 
1854, 82. Greenland. 
Sp.Ch. — First quill nearly as long as the second and third, (longest,) decidedly longer than the third. Tail rounded, or 
slightly graduated. General color black, including the inner surface of wings and axillaries, base of lower mandible all round, 
leathers adjacent to nostrils, lores, upper eyelids, and remaining space around the eye. The head and neck all round ; the fore 
