542 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY GENERAL REPORT. 
ICTERUS VULGARIS, Daudin. 
Troupial. 
Oriolus icterus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 161. 
Icterus vulgaris, " Daudin."— Aud. Birds Amer. VII, 1844, 357 ; pi. 499.— Bp. Conspectus Av. 1850, 434. 
Le troupiale vulgaire, Buffon, PI. enl. " 532." (535, Bp.) 
Sp. Ch. — Bill curved. Throat and chin with narrow pointed feathers. A naked space around and behind the eye. Tail 
feathers graduated. Head and upper part of neck all round, and beneath from tail to upper part of breast, interscapular region 
of back, wings, and tail, black. Rest of under parts, a collar on the lower hind neck, rump, and upper tail coverts, yellow 
orange. A broad band on the wing and outer edges of secondaries, white. Length, 10 inches ; wing, 4.50 ; tail, 4.50; bill 
above, 1.35. 
Hub. — Northern South America and West Indies. Accidental on the southern coast of the United States. 
This is the largest of the Orioles found in the United States, and differs from the rest in its 
longer hill, and pointed, elongated feathers on the throat. The hill is attenuated and somewhat 
decurved. The third quill is longest ; the first quill almost the shortest of all the primaries. 
The outer tail feather is about .60 of an inch less than the middle. 
There is only a trace of whitish on the edges of the primaries. The broad white edges to the 
secondaries are continuous in the folded wing with the white on the greater coverts, the lowest 
row of which, however, is black. The extreme and concealed base of the tail is white. 
One specimen has the light markings yellow instead of orange. 
This species is given by Mr. Audubon as North American, on the strength of occasional 
stragglers from the West Indies to the southern coast. One of the specimens described was 
received from Mr. Audubon, (2842.,) and is, possibly, North American ; the other was a cage 
bird. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Sex. 
Locality. When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
Remarks. 
2812 
2527 
Unknown 
S. F. Baird 
8 
do 
C. W. Welch 
ICTERUS AUDUBONII, G i r a u d . 
Audubon's Oriole. 
Icterus audubonii, Giraud, sixteen new species Texas birds, 1841. (Not paged.) 
Xanthomus melanocephalus, Bon. Consp. 1850, 434. (Not the description of the young.) 
Icterus melanocephalus, Cassin, 111. I, v, 1854, 137 ; pi. xxi. (The description, but perhaps not the figure.) 
Sp. Ch. — Bill stout ; upper and lower outlines very little curved downwards. Tail much graduated. Head and neck all 
round, (this color extending down on the throat,) tail, and wings, black ; rest of body, under wing coverts, and middle and 
lesser upper coverts, yelL w ; more olivaceous on the back. An interrupted band across the ends of the greater wing coverts, 
with the terminal half of the edges of the quills, white. 
Supposed female similar, but the colors less vivid. 
Length, 9.25 ; wing, 4.00; tail, 4.65; tarsus, 1.10. 
Hub. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande of Texas, southward. 
