600 
U. S. P. R. K. EXP. AND SURVEYS ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 
The Ectopistes migratoria is blue above, purplish red beneath, passing into whitish behind. 
The wing above is spotted with bluish black ; the sides of the neck with metallic gloss. 
ECTOPISTES MIGRATORIA, Swainson. 
Wild Pigeon; Passenger Pigeon. 
Columba migratoria, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I, 17CG, 285.— Gm. I, 389.— Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 398.— 
Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 102? pi. xliv.— Bon. Obs. Wils, 1825, No. 179 — Wagler, Syst. 
Av. 1827, No. 91.— Aud. 0,-n. Biog. I, 1831, 319 : V, 5G1 ; pi. 62. 
Ectopistes migratoria, Swa'nson, Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 355.— Id. P. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 363.— Bon. List, 1838.— Ib. 
Consp. Av. II, 1854, 59.— Aud. Syn. 1839, 194. — Tu . Birds Amor. V, 1842, 25 ; pi. 285.— 
"Reich. Icones Av. tab. 249, figs. 1377, 1379." 
Columba canadensis, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I, 176G, 234.— Gm. I, 1788, 785. Female or young. (Prior name?) 
Columba americava, " Kami, It. II, 527." 
Passenger Pigeon, Pennant, II, 322.— Latt. Syn. II, h, 661. 
Si>. Ch. — Tail with twelve feathers. Upper parts generally, including sides of body, head, and neck, and the chin, blue. 
Beneath, purple brownish red, fading behind with a violet tint. Anal region and under tail coverts, bluish white. Scapulars, 
inner tertials, and middle of back, with an olive brown tinge; the wing coverts, scapulars, and inner tertials, with large oval 
spots of blue-black on the outer webs, mostly concealed, exoept on the latter. Primaries blackish, with a border of pale bluish 
tinged internally with red. Middle tail feathers brown ; the rest pale blue on the outer web, white internally ; each with a patch 
of reddish brown at the base of the inner web, followed by another of black. Sides and back of neck richly glossed with metallic 
golden violet. Tibia bluish violet. Bill black. Feet yellow. 
The female is smaller ; much duller in color ; more olivaceous above ; beneath, pale blue instead of red, except a tinge on 
the neck ; the jugulum tinged with olive, the throat whitish. 
Length of male, 17 inches ; wing, 8.50 ; tail, 8.40. 
Hob.— North America to High Central Plains. 
The blue of the side of the head extends to the throat and chin. The upper part of the back 
and lesser coverts are of a darker blue than the head and rump. The inner primaries are more 
broadly margined with light blue, which tapers off to the end. The axillars and under surface 
of the wing are light blue. The longest scapulars have the black on both webs. There is no 
blue on the outer web of the first tail feather, which is white, and the inferior surface of the 
tail generally is white. 
In some specimens the entire head all round is blue. 
The immature male varies in having most of the feathers of the head and body margined 
with whitish. 
List of specimens. 
Oatal 
No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
Collected by— 
Length. 
Stretch 
of wings. 
Wing. 
1182 
1319 
1G03 
7115 
4517 
4857 
14856 
5118 
3 
9 
3 
Carlisle, Pa.- .- 
do 
Sept, 25, 1S43 
April 1, 1844 
June 8, 1816 
S. F. Baird 
do 
17. 00 
16. 00 
14.87 
2 4. 00 
23. 50 
23.75 
8. 50 
8.00 
8. 16 
do 
do - 
Philadelphia, Pa 
3 
3 
3 
3 
Washington, I). C 
Mouth of Big 8iuux 
Above mouth Yellowstone. 
April — , 1856 
May 3, 1856 
do 
Aug. 8, 1856 
Market 
17. 00 
17. 16 
16. 87 
16. 25 
24. 00 
23. 75 
23. 75 
23. 50 
Lieut. Warren 
do 
Dr. Hayden 
do 
8. SO 
8.25 
8,00 
1 Iris red. 
