BIRDS — FULIGULINAE — BUCEPHALA. 
795 
Female with the black and chestnut replaced by brown, the cheeks and chin lighter, and some tinged with dull rufous. 
Length, 20.10 ; wing, 9.30 ; tarsus, 1.70 ; commissure, 2.65. 
Hab.— Whole of North America. 
List of specimens. 
Oatal. 
No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When col- 
lected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig'l 
No. 
Collected by- 
Length. 
Stretch 
ofwings. 
Wing. 
Remarks. 
606 
5137 
9778 
97B0 
4414 
9777 
3 
Q 
3 
Potomac river, D. C... 
Feb. —,1842 
Delaware creek, N. M.. 
San Francisco 
Mar. 26,1856 
Jan. —,1855 
189 
23.25 
31.50 
10.00 
Bill black, iris red, feet 
dark gray. 
155 
Jan. —,1854 
BUCEPHALA, Baird. 
Clangula, Fleming, Philos. Zool. 1828. Type Anas clangula, L. Not of 1822, which has Anas glaeialis for type, 
according to G. R. Gray. 
Glaucion, Kaup, Ent. Europ. Thierw. 1829. Not of Oken, 1816, Mollusca. 
Bucephala, Baird. Typo Anas albeola, L. 
Ch. — Bill from feathers of forehead about equal to the tarsus and shorter than the head; high at the baso; lateral outlines 
tapering to the tip, where the nail forms only the central portion, though rather large. Nostrils situated near the middle of 
the bill. Feathers of chin and forehead extending only moderately foreward a little further than those of cheeks. Tarsus 
rather more than half the foot. Tail moderately long, about half the wing, and somewhat pointed; of sixteen feathers. 
The B. americana differs decidedly from the B. albeola in a stouter bill, with the nostrils in 
the posterior portion of the anterior half, instead of in the anterior portion of the posterior part. 
As the genus Clangula of 1822 has Anas glaeialis for type, according to Gray, it cannot be 
used for the present group. Glaucion of Kaup being pre-occupied, a new name appears to be 
required. 
The following diagnoses will distinguish the species : 
Common characters. — Head and upper part of neck dark colored, with varied reflections, 
usually of green, purple, or violet. Lower part of neck all round, under parts and sides, 
scapulars, middle and greater coverts, and many secondaries, white ; the scapulars edged 
externally with black ; upper parts generally black. Inside of wings and axillars sooty. 
An oval patch of white in front of the eye and along the side of the bill, but not 
reaching its upper corner. White of wings continuous. Head with green reflections. 
Inside of wings and axillars entirely dusky , B. americana. 
A triangular patch in front of the eye, applied against the entire base of the bill, and 
running up in a sharp point. White of wing coverts crossed by a black bar. Head 
glossed with violet reflections. Inside of wings and axillars pure sooty... B. islandica. 
A broad white patch on each side the head, behind the eye, and confluent with its fellow 
on the nape. White of wings continuous. Head glossed anteriorly and behind with 
green ; between this, with purple violet. Under wing coverts and axillars tipped with 
white B. albeola* 
