BIKDS ALCIDAE— MORMON ARCTICUS. 
903 
ridge at its base, and two or three curved descending grooves near the end. under mandible smooth at base, and with about 
three grooves near its end WiDg rather short and weak, tail short, legs and feet strong. 
Throat black, uniting with the same color of the upper parts of the body. Large space on each side of the head and entire 
under parts, from the throat white, frequently tinged with ashy about the eyes. Entire upper parts (and throat) brownish 
black, darker and frequently clear black on the back. Head above frequently dark ashy, separated by a well denned line from 
the black of the other upper parts; bill and feet orange yellow. Sides under the wings ashy black. 
Total length about 12^ inches; wing, 7£, tail, 2| inches. 
Hob. — Northwestern coast of America and adjacent coast of Asia. Kamtschatka, (Mtis. Acad. Philad.) 
Strongly marked by its black throat and the prominent horn over the eye. This is plainly 
the species figured by Audubon and Gould, and seems to be different from the succeeding, 
31. glacialis. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. 
No. 
Locality. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig'l 
No. 
Collected by — 
1984: 
10694 
North Atlantic - 
S. F.Baird 
V. 288 
J. J. Audubon 
Capt, F. Rodgers, U. S. N 
MORMON GLACIALIS, Leach. 
Mormon glacialis, Leach, Stephens, Shaw's Zool. XIII, 182G, p. 40. 
Figures. — Naumann, Isis, 1821, pi. VII, fig 2. 
Sp. Ch. — An elevated, short and blunt process over each eye, and under it a narrow transverse process. About the size 
of the preceding ; general form stout ; head large ; bill much flattened laterally, entirely horny ; upper mandible composed of two 
parts, the first at the base narrow; and covered with minute spots or granulations, terminal part with two or three curved 
grooves in its middle, and not so near the end as in the species immediately preceding ; under mandible with grooves corresponding 
to those of the upper ; bill rather longer, and not so wide laterally as in the preceding species, (M. corniculata. ) Wings moderate, 
rather weak ; tail short ; legs strong. 
Throat white or pale ashy, large space on the sides of the head and under parts white, frequently tinged with ashy on the 
former. Entire upper parts brownish black, darker on the back, and extending into a ring around the neck in front; head 
above frequently ashy brown ; bill and legs orange yellow, the former frequently dull greenish at, base. 
Total length about 12J inches; wing, 6j to 7 ; tail, 2j inches. 
Hab. — Northern and eastern coasts of America, Northern Europe. 
Possibly the young of the preceding, and only differing from it in having the throat white 
or light ashy, and a short, obtuse horn over the eye. The specimens of this bird that we have 
seen are from Greenland and northern Europe. 
MORMON ARCTICA, (Linnaeus,) Illiger. 
Mca arctica, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, (1766,) p. 211. 
Mormon arctica, Illiger, Prod. 1811. — Aud. O nBiog. Ill, 105. 
l lMca labradoria, Gm. Syst. Nat. I, p. 550, (1788.) 
Mormon fratercula, Temm.. Man. II, 933. 
Figures.— Buff. PI. Enl. 275.— Nauman, Isis, 1821, pi. 7, fig. 5, 6, 7, B. of Germ., pi. 335. -Gould, B. of Eur. V, pi. 403.— 
Aud. B. of Am. pi. 213, Oct. ed. VII, pi. 464. 
Sp. Ch. — Smaller than either of the preceding-, but much resembling the two last species in form and color. A short, blunt 
process over each eye, and a narrow transverse process under it ; bill much flattened laterally, horny ; upper mandible compose 
of two parts, that at the basa narrow, and covered with minute spots or granulations, terminal part, with about four curved 
